摘要:

The last two years have seen remarkable progress toward understanding the electronic properties of metals, but the result of this progress illustrates the dictum of Veblen that “the outcome of any serious research can only be to make two questions grow where one question grew before”.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.3057384

出版商:AIP    

年代:1961

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

John Gamble Kirkwood was one of world's most distinguished and versatile scientists. His eminence in the field of statistical physics and chemistry was evidenced by his ingenious theoretical analyses which have played a major role in clarifying our understanding of such subjects as order‐disorder phenomena, polymers, liquids, solutions, irreversible thermodynamics, transport phenomena in fluids, the propagation of shocks and detonations, molecular quantum mechanics, liquid helium, and nuclear structure. His theory of electrolytes has been especially valuable in explaining the properties of proteins. Although he frequently dealt with abstract mathematical concepts, many of his ideas had practical applications. For example, he combined electrophoresis with thermal convection to provide an important means for effecting separations of proteins in solution.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.3057385

出版商:AIP    

年代:1961

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Having been a lecturer last summer at the NATO Advanced Study Institute at Corfu, I thought that my impressions of the meeting might be of interest to those who might not have heard either of the NATO Advanced Study Institute Program or of Corfu.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.3057387

出版商:AIP    

年代:1961

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Accounts of the origins of the first and second laws of thermodynamics follow a fairly standard pattern. The caloric theory of heat, we are told, assumed that heat was a fluid endowed with a number of properties, among them indestructibility. The cannon‐boring experiments of Rumford (1798) and the ice‐rubbing experiment of Davy (1799) destroyed the basis of the caloric theory because they showed that heat could be created by the expenditure of work. A full half‐century elapsed, however, before Joule repeated and extended Rumford's experiments and measured the conversion factorJaccurately with his paddle wheels. In the meantime (in 1824) Carnot formulated the second law of thermodynamics and drew many valid conclusions about the efficiency of heat engines though his ideas were based on the caloric theory. Kelvin came across Carnot's work, as rewritten by Clapeyron; he became convinced of its truth and because it was based on the caloric theory he found it difficult to accept Joule's results. However, by 1850 both Kelvin and Clausius had formulated the first and second laws as we know them now. In retrospect, the caloric theory of heat seemed to have been slightly ridiculous.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.3057388

出版商:AIP    

年代:1961

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

The fifteenth annual Calorimetry Conference was held September 7‐10 at Gatlinburg, Tennessee, with Oak Ridge National Laboratory acting as host and J. P. McCullough (Petroleum Thermodynamics Laboratory, Bureau of Mines) serving as chairman. In the pleasant surroundings of the Great Smoky Mountains 106 calorimetrists from the United States, Canada, and Europe heard and discussed 31 technical papers on recent work on many phases of calorimetry and engaged in informal discussions of calorimetric problems. Among the topics discussed were calorimetry at temperatures as low as 0.1°K and as high as 2800 °K, precision reaction and bomb calorimetry, solution calorimetry, applications of calorimetry to solid‐state problems, applications of calorimetry to radiation dosimetry, improvements in temperature‐measuring devices, and data processing by digital computers. At the Conference banquet ORNL Director A. M. Weinberg shared his experiences and observations on a recent trip to Russia with the chairman of the US Atomic Energy Commission, illustrating his talk with a number of interesting slides. D. W. Osborne (Argonne National Laboratory) was program chairman, and R. H. Busey (ORNL) was local arrangements chairman.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.3057389

出版商:AIP    

年代:1961

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

In 1953 the 8th Calorimetry Conference adopted a resolution outlining minimum publication standards for the guidance of authors, editors, and referees of calorimetric papers. Because this resolution has helped improve the quality of such papers, the 14th Conference (1959) authorized the preparation of a revised resolution on publication that would be more consistent with the expanded scope of the Conference and the present state of calorimetric science. The revised and expanded resolution that follows was adopted by the 15th Conference at Gatlinburg, Tennessee, September 7–10, 1960.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.3057390

出版商:AIP    

年代:1961

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.3057391

出版商:AIP    

年代:1961

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.3057393

出版商:AIP    

年代:1961

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.3057395

出版商:AIP    

年代:1961

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.3057396

出版商:AIP    

年代:1961

数据来源: AIP