ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2915044

出版商:AIP    

年代:1982

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2915004

出版商:AIP    

年代:1982

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Since 1954 there have been sporadic reports that very strange things can happen in the first few centimeters after an energetic nucleus fragments in photographic emulsion. Before the Berkeley Bevalac came along in the mid 1970s to accelerate middle‐weight ions to kinetic energies of 2 GeV per nucleon, such reports came entirely from cosmic‐ray exposures of very limited statistics. Indeed the anecdotal tone of the early reports generated more skepticism than excitement.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2915005

出版商:AIP    

年代:1982

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Particle physics has fared reasonably well in the Administration's proposed budget for FY 1983. The total amount in the Department of Energy budget (see page 55)—$429 million—is below the figure at which the Trilling report said the US should build Isabelle. Indeed construction funds for Isabelle in FY 1983 would drop to zero. But Brookhaven would get $23 million for research and development on superconducting magnets and alternative accelerator designs. For several months some insiders have proclaimed Isabelle dead. However, one noted particle discoverer has predicted that in a couple of years, a new accelerator will be built in the empty tunnel at Brookhaven. The machine will have 399‐GeV protons colliding with 399‐GeV protons. Its name—Maybelle.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2915006

出版商:AIP    

年代:1982

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

The earliest work on quantum tunneling in solid‐state physics, more than fifty years ago, dealt with electron tunneling through a vacuum barrier. But for the next half century we had no clear experimental demonstration of this conceptually simplest of tunneling phenomena. Spectroscopic and technological exploitation of quantum tunneling was developed only with solid tunnel barriers. Metal–vacuum–metal tunneling requires a gap held constant at a few angstroms. At such small distances—just a few atomic widths—it is extraordinarily difficult to control the gap size and insure that surface contamination layers or irregularities do not result in an unwanted contact across the gap.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2915007

出版商:AIP    

年代:1982

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Nearly 140 years have elapsed since the German apothecary and amateur astronomer Samuel Heinrich Schwabe reported discovery of the solar cycle. “From my earlier observations,” Schwabe wrote in 1843, “it appears that there is a certain periodicity in the appearance of sunspots and this theory seems more and more probable from the results of this year.” Schwabe had been looking for new planets crossing the Sun's disk. The day‐to‐day records of sunspots he kept for 18 years as part of that search led him to realize that solar behavior is cyclic.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2915008

出版商:AIP    

年代:1982

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

By 1930, relativity and quantum mechanics were established, yet the excitement of the new physics was far from over. Indeed, the next half‐century was characterized by startling experimental and theoretical discoveries and by new puzzles that appeared wherever one looked.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2915009

出版商:AIP    

年代:1982

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Astronomy is in a golden age. Discoveries since 1960 include quasars (1963), the cosmic microwave background radiation (1965), pulsars (1967), neutronstar binaries (1970), superluminal expansion of radio sources (1971), solar coronal holes (1973), evidence for gravitational radiation from a binary pulsar (1974), anomalous solar neutrino flux (1976), a super gamma‐ray burst (1979), and a gravitational lens (1979). Radio, infrared, ultraviolet, x‐ray, and gamma‐ray techniques have made it possible to study phenomena not accessible to optical astronomy alone. Physics has come to play an increasingly important role in providing both the technology for these developments and the theoretical framework for astronomy. Today, atomic, molecular, nuclear, and plasma physics are indispensable tools in interpreting astronomical data; cosmology and the study of superdense configurations depend on general relativity and, increasingly, elementary‐particle physics.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2915010

出版商:AIP    

年代:1982

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2915011

出版商:AIP    

年代:1982

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2915012

出版商:AIP    

年代:1982

数据来源: AIP