ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2914912

出版商:AIP    

年代:1982

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2914871

出版商:AIP    

年代:1982

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2914873

出版商:AIP    

年代:1982

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2914876

出版商:AIP    

年代:1982

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

The 1982 Nobel prize in physics has been awarded to Kenneth G. Wilson of Cornell University “for his theory for critical phenomena in connection with phase transitions.” In its announcement the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences said that Wilson's renormalization‐group approach to critical phenomena, particularly twoPhysical Reviewpapers in 1971, “gave a complete theoretical description of the behavior close to the critical point and gave also methods to calculate numerically the crucial quantities.”

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2914877

出版商:AIP    

年代:1982

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

The development of continuously pumped, mode‐locked dye lasers in the early 1970s made possible the first production of sub‐picosecond optical pulses in 1974. For the remainder of the decade, attempts to generate significantly shorter pulses of light were not particularly successful. Two new developments reported early last year have now been brought together by a group at Bell Labs to produce optical pulses only 30 femtoseconds long—3×10−14seconds, or 14 cycles of 6200‐A˚ red light.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2914878

出版商:AIP    

年代:1982

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

As contracts are being tendered for the construction of LEP, the gargantuan electron–positron colliding‐beam accelerator that will straddle the French–Swiss frontier at CERN, the time has come to settle on the four detectors that will occupy the four underground experimental halls to be used in the first phase of LEP operation, which is scheduled to begin toward the end of 1987. In January, letters of intent outlining detector designs for the four experimental beam‐intersection areas were submitted by six large multinational collaborations.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2914879

出版商:AIP    

年代:1982

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

We owe the concept of “thermodynamic temperature” to Sadi Carnot, William Thomson and Rudolf Clausius. This very basic property is measured in the Systeme Internationale of units by the kelvin, defined in terms of the thermodynamic temperature of the triple point of water. In principle, any other temperature may be determined by its ratio to this defined temperature. In practice, however, it is almost always more convenient to measure an approximation of the thermodynamic temperature by using one of the familiar thermometers (platinum resistance, thermocouple, radiation pyrometer, and so on).

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2914880

出版商:AIP    

年代:1982

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

The “energy crisis” of the 1970s brought with it an unparalleled awareness of this country's energy needs for the future. It became clear that an acceptable standard of living would require the use of all energy alternatives and significant expansion of specific ones. For any reasonable projection this translates into considerable dependence on nuclear energy to meet the energy demands of the next two decades while new technologies (such as solar) and improvements in existing technologies are brought to levels that can meet future demand.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2914881

出版商:AIP    

年代:1982

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

In this article I present a somewhat detailed discussion of four examples of nuclear waste policy issues, in the hope that this may better convey an idea of the complexity of the entire topic. The first will show how drastically our perception of the waste‐disposal issue has changed in recent years, and should thus teach us some caution with regard to our present understanding. The second is geotechnical: It concerns site for high‐level nuclear waste and demonstrates some of its problems. The third concerns uranium mill tailings and will show the environmental risks posed by the very large volumes of low‐level radioactive wastes. The last example will address the least predictable aspect of long‐term management of nuclear wastes: future human activities, and how they affect the proper planning of nuclear waste disposal.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2914882

出版商:AIP    

年代:1982

数据来源: AIP