ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2809057

出版商:AIP    

年代:1993

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2809058

出版商:AIP    

年代:1993

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Near the summit of Mauna Kea, a long‐dormant volcano on the island of Hawaii, the first of the two Keck Telescopes has begun doing astronomy, and construction of its identical twin, a stone's throw to the north, is well under way. The individual Keck telescopes, with effective primarymirror diameters of 10 meters, are by far the largest optical telescopes ever built. And together they will serve as an interferometer with a baseline of 95 meters.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2809059

出版商:AIP    

年代:1993

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Edward Nichols and Ernest Merritt began thephysical reviewat Cornell University in 1893. Any new journal incurs a financial risk; Cornell assumed that risk.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.881379

出版商:AIP    

年代:1993

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

The historical development of masers and lasers has been well documented in several books. It is not my purpose here to recapitulate or improve on those accounts, which focus on the roles individual scientists, industry and funding agencies played in the evolution of the laser.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.881380

出版商:AIP    

年代:1993

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

On looking back to the beginnings ofPhysical Reviewit is interesting to find that the very first paper in volume 1, number 1, 1893, addressed the “transmission spectra of certain substances in the infrared.” The article, authored by Ernest Nichols, included quartz and glass as materials of interest. The same volume offers a review of Nikola Tesla's bookLight and Other High‐Frequency Phenomena. It is therefore fitting that this celebration of the 100th anniversary ofPhysical Reviewincludes a discussion of a technology that is based on fundamental principles of physics addressed in the journal's first issue and countless numbers of later issues and that has profoundly transformed the telecommunications infrastructure of our society.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.881381

出版商:AIP    

年代:1993

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

In 1937 I. I. Rabi described the fundamental theory for magnetic resonance experiments in his great paper “Space Quantization in a Gyrating Magnetic Field.” This theory stimulated many subsequent developments, including molecular‐beam magnetic resonance, radiofrequency spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, masers and atomic clocks. Its imprint now stamps a tremendous range of experimental techniques and technological applications.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.881382

出版商:AIP    

年代:1993

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

In early 1946 thePhysical Reviewpublished letters from the two discoverers of nuclear magnetic resonance describing their independent detections of nmr in bulk matter. In recognition of their pioneering research, which they carried out simultaneously, albeit in different places and with different conceptual bases, Felix Bloch and Edward Purcell were awarded the 1952 Nobel Prize for Physics.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.881383

出版商:AIP    

年代:1993

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Superconductivity was discovered in 1911 by Heike Kamerlingh Onnes in Leiden. That discovery can be traced to the steady advance in laboratory techniques for obtaining ever lower temperatures that began when Louis Cailletet in France and Raoul Pictet in Switzerland succeeded in liquefying trace amounts of the “permanent gases,” nitrogen, air and hydrogen. These gases were so named because previous attempts to liquefy them, by Michael Faraday among others, had been unsuccessful.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.881384

出版商:AIP    

年代:1993

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

For more than 50 years the symbiotic relationship among semiconductor physics, technology and device engineering has exemplified cooperative activity that spans the continuum of the scientific enterprise, from the purest physics to the marketplace. In physics this activity has led to the observation of unexpectedly rich and intricate phenomena; in technology it has resulted in expanded techniques and invention with broad applications and key contributions to the electronics, communications and computer revolutions. Semiconductors have changed our world profoundly and probably beneficially, touching the lives of almost everyone in it—and not just by fueling advances in data handling and communications but also by making possible such consumer staples as the transistor radio and the compact disk player. Some might choose to designate the last half‐century as the nuclear age or the jet age; others might think of it as the age of semiconductor electronics.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.881385

出版商:AIP    

年代:1993

数据来源: AIP