摘要:

The American Institute of Physics, now in its twentieth year, has from its inception been concerned with the general welfare of physicists. It has specifically assumed the responsibilities of encouraging, of coordinating, of stimulating, conserving, and developing their activities; of safeguarding their professional status; and of informing the policy‐making groups of government, industry, and education of the contribution that physics and physicists can make to the well‐being of the nation, both in times of armed neutrality and of war. Some parts of this program have been accomplished by the concerted efforts of small groups of members acting on temporary or continuing committees, others by the broad program of publication that the Institute has sponsored. The present uneasy international situation, recurring military necessities, the increasing technological bias of civilization in those parts of the world that possess high standards of living, and the manifold potential uses of nuclear energy have combined to place upon physicists a present value which, even if somewhat exaggerated in the popular mind, nevertheless compensates in part for the comparative obscurity in which they languished during the first forty years of the century. Another consequence of these same factors is that the traditional concept of the solitary research physicist has been swept away entirely. In his place there is now a team of which each member, from the most brilliant to the most humble, plays his appointed part. It is, therefore, not only a natural activity but a bounden duty of the Institute to concern itself with the problem of maintaining the necessary flow of physicists at all levels of competence and of adjusting the flow to the probable future demand.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.3067224

出版商:AIP    

年代:1951

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

The requirements of modern commerce and industry make uniformity in standards of mass throughout the Nation no less important than uniformity of currency. An even higher degree of uniformity is necessary among reference standards of mass kept by research laboratories to maintain high accuracy in scientific weighing.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.3067225

出版商:AIP    

年代:1951

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

During the academic year 1950–51, over 200 United States citizens in the general category of “lecturers and research scholars” have been pursuing educational activities of various kinds in foreign countries as a result of having received Fulbright awards. At the same time approximately an equal number of foreign nationals have been assisted by Fulbright travel grants in carrying on lecturing and research in the United States. The purpose of this article is to describe the organization and operation of the Fulbright Award Program with special emphasis on those phases which may have particular interest for physicists.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.3067194

出版商:AIP    

年代:1951

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

The infrared spectrum was discovered by Herschel in 1800. He found that a thermometer was heated by invisible radiations when he placed it beyond the red end of a solar spectrum formed by a glass prism. From this primitive discrimination between the visible and invisible, experimental physicists have refined their procedures until now the15,000 cm−1compass of that invisible spectrum is resolved into some 30,000 separable subdivisions of1/2 cm−1width, with prospects of resolving it into 200,000 subdivisions in the near future.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.3067195

出版商:AIP    

年代:1951

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.3067197

出版商:AIP    

年代:1951

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.3067199

出版商:AIP    

年代:1951

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.3067201

出版商:AIP    

年代:1951

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

A number of scholars from foreign countries participating in the Fulbright Program wish to teach in American universities or colleges during the academic year 1951–52, according to word received recently from the Conference Board of Associated Research Councils. Each individual listed has been recommended for consideration by the United States Educational Foundation in his own country and would be eligible to apply for a Fulbright grant covering costs of round trip transportation to the final destination in the United States if satisfactory arrangements for lecturing are completed. The Committee is prepared to provide information regarding the professional qualifications of these scholars upon request to any interested university or college official, and would appreciate being informed when an invitation is extended to any of the scholars involved so that his name may be removed from the list of available persons. Invitations from American institutions are a vital factor in the welfare of the Fulbright Program, the Committee points out, since only through the participation of foreign scholars can the Program become truly reciprocal and mutually beneficial to the countries taking part in the plan.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.3067204

出版商:AIP    

年代:1951

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

According to information from Yale, the basement of one of the University's buildings in New Haven is in the process of being converted into a well shielded laboratory where radiocarbon dating techniques will be studied by a group of Yale scientists and historians. Pioneered by physicist W. F. Libby of the University of Chicago's Institute for Nuclear Studies, the carbon‐14 time identification method has been employed in dating organic materials of historical interest which may be as much as fifteen thousand years old, and the Yale project will be concerned primarily with verifying and refining the technique. A major part of the program will involve experiments designed to check results against well‐established archaeological data. The method itself depends upon the fact that carbon‐14, which is normally absorbed by living plants and animals, has a half‐life of over fifty‐five hundred years. In order to date organic matter (such as bone, wood, textiles, paper, or plant remains buried in geological deposits), samples are converted chemically into pure carbon, which is then shielded from outside radioactive sources so that the carbon‐14 disintegration rate may be measured with the aid of a geiger counter. Calculation of the amount of radiocarbon which has decayed gives a reasonably accurate estimate of the age of the sample.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.3067207

出版商:AIP    

年代:1951

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

The Board of Trustees of the Alumni Fund of Michigan State College has established seven predoctoral Alumni Fellowships, ranging in value from $800 to $1,200 per year, for the benefit of graduate students (either resident or nonresident) who wish to pursue a course of study for the PhD degree at Michigan State. Fellows will be exempt from student tuition fees. It has also been announced that one postdoctoral Alumni Fellowship ($3,000 per year) is available for research in any special field for which the College has appropriate facilities. Applications for the fellowship awards should be submitted before May 15, 1951, and should be addressed to Dean Thomas H. Osgood, School of Graduate Studies, Michigan State College, East Lansing, Michigan.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.3067211

出版商:AIP    

年代:1951

数据来源: AIP