ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2809609

出版商:AIP    

年代:1992

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2809610

出版商:AIP    

年代:1992

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2809611

出版商:AIP    

年代:1992

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Superconductors are not the only materials in which current can flow virtually without attenuation. Theories have predicted, and recent experiments have now indicated, that isolated rings of normal metals threaded by a magnetic flux can support persistent equilibrium currents. But this surprising phenomenon can occur only when the wavefunctions of the electrons remain in phase around the circumference and the electrons do not become localized in part of the ring. This condition requires the phase coherence length to exceed the ring's circumference and restricts experiments to micronsized rings even for the cleanest of metals. Even then the signal—a magnetic response induced by the current—is expected to be remarkably faint, less than10−7times the superconducting flux quantum&fgr;swhich is2.07×10−7 gauss‐cm2.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2809612

出版商:AIP    

年代:1992

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2809613

出版商:AIP    

年代:1992

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

When John Bardeen was awarded a second Noble Prize in Physics, the only person ever to win two Nobels in the same field, he got a telagram from leo Kadanoff saying: “Keep up the good work. Win three times and you get to keep the Kind.”

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.881334

出版商:AIP    

年代:1992

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.881335

出版商:AIP    

年代:1992

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

To this day it is not well understood that the bipolar transistor began with John Bardeen and Walter H. Brattain's point‐contact transistor. The invention of the point‐contact transistor was a momentous event, not only in itself but even more because of the unimaginable revolution in electronics that followed. This revolution, which continues unabated, had a beginning: Bardeen's recognition of minority‐carrier injection—that is, his realization that an applied voltage causes valence band holes from the surface region of an n‐type semiconductor material near a metal contact to be injected into the bulk of the material. This realization made the semiconductor suddenly important and no longer just an interesting material to study.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.881336

出版商:AIP    

年代:1992

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

When one speaks with John Bardeen's friends about him, one frequently hears words such as brilliant, quiet, persistent, generous, visionary, athletic, kind, thoughtful and remarkable. It is my good fortune to have the chance to recount some incidents from his life that are connected with the theory of superconductivity. This article draws on my personal memories; his many other friends and colleagues will set down their own recollections elsewhere.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.881345

出版商:AIP    

年代:1992

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

John Bardeen spent more than 80&percent; of his post‐PhD years in university positions, including his last 40 years at the University of Illinois. He might therefore justifiably be considered an academic scientist. But it was at the Bell Telephone Laboratories that John coinvented the transistor, which because of its enormous impact on modern technology was the work for which he was most widely known. Consequently, throughout John's career his views and advice on science and technology were continually sought by industry and government. John's work and ideas in these nonacademic spheres are the focus of this article.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.881346

出版商:AIP    

年代:1992

数据来源: AIP