摘要:

Although the structure of matter has intrigued and tantalized mankind for tens of centuries, it is only within the past few decades that we have built the tools with which to explore atomic nuclei. The reason for this state of affairs is to be found in the minute size of atomic nuclei and in the fact that each nucleus, by virtue of its proton inhabitants, is surrounded by a coat of armor in the form of an electrostatic, or Coulomb, field. To penetrate this field requires either high‐energy charged particles, or particles without charge, namely neutrons; but these latter are themselves constituents of complex nuclei and must be dislodged from their natural habitat either by nuclear interactions (which again involves Coulomb‐barrier penetration) or by a self‐sustaining chain reaction in fissionable material.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.3050601

出版商:AIP    

年代:1963

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

The fundamental observational problem in radio‐astronomical investigations of discrete sources is the determination of the precise positions and spectra of these objects, as well as measurement of the brightness distributions of those sources large enough to be resolved by existing equipment. Recently, polarimeter measurements at a number of frequencies have provided data on the percentage of linear polarization and position angle of the electric vector for some of the more intense sources. This work, in turn, has made it possible to study the effects of Faraday rotation on the cosmic radio waves, leading to model‐dependent estimates of the electron density and magnetic field strength in interstellar and intergalactic space.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.3050602

出版商:AIP    

年代:1963

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

The Plowshare Program, devoted to exploring the potential constructive uses of nuclear explosions, was formally established in 1957 by the Atomic Energy Commission. Many of the ideas, thoughts, and suggestions for such applications had been put forth from the time it appeared possible to release energy from the nucleus in a controlled manner, using either reactors or explosions. In fact, in 1939, immediately after the publication of the discovery of the fission of uranium early in that year, many speculations appeared in the press concerning possible industrial uses of nuclear energy. Congress, in writing the Atomic Energy Act, noted, in the declaration of that Act, that “atomic energy is capable of application for peaceful as well as military purposes”. In addition, the stated policy of the United States is that:“a. the development, use, and control of atomic energy shall be directed so as to make the maximum contribution to the general welfare, subject at all times to the paramount objective of making the maximum contribution to the common defense and security; and“b. the development, use, and control of atomic energy shall be directed so as to promote world peace, improve the general welfare, increase the standard of living, and strengthen free competition in private enterprise.”

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.3050603

出版商:AIP    

年代:1963

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Since the days of the Enlightenment, if not before, there has been a tendency among writers of all kinds to comment on the differences between science and the humanities. Recently the expression of that tendency acquired a new feature in the form of the suggestion that, instead of threatening the security of theological doctrine or of metaphysical concepts, science is threatening to divide what traditionally has been a cultural unity within the western world.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.3050604

出版商:AIP    

年代:1963

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Foreign students are coming to the United States in rapidly increasing numbers to study physics. While the total number of visiting foreign students has doubled since 1955, the number of those studying physics has more than tripled. (During this same period, total US physics enrollments have roughly doubled; in 1961–62 there were about 22 700 upper classmen and graduate students studying physics.)

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.3050605

出版商:AIP    

年代:1963

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Since September, the Office of Naval Research and the National Science Foundation have been collaborating in a new program of graduate and postgraduate research in rocket and satellite astronomy at the Naval Research Laboratory in Washington, D.C. Emphasizing studies of astrophysics, planetary atmospheres, and the interplanetary medium, the program is conducted at NRL's recently established E. O. Hulburt Center for Space Research, which was named in honor of a former director of research at the Laboratory. Dr. Hulburt, a pioneer in space physics who devoted almost Ms entire career to Navy science, retired in 1955.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.3050609

出版商:AIP    

年代:1963

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Overseas opportunities for university lecturing and advanced research assignments in physics under the Fulbright‐Hays Act are still available in a dozen countries for the 1964–65 academic year, according to the Committee on International Exchange of Persons, which administers the Fulbright program.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.3050610

出版商:AIP    

年代:1963

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.3050611

出版商:AIP    

年代:1963

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.3050613

出版商:AIP    

年代:1963

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.3050615

出版商:AIP    

年代:1963

数据来源: AIP