ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2815028

出版商:AIP    

年代:1986

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2815029

出版商:AIP    

年代:1986

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2815030

出版商:AIP    

年代:1986

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2815031

出版商:AIP    

年代:1986

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

In 1938 Hans Bethe propounded the nuclear‐fusion sequences we confidently assume to describe the energy sources of the Sun. Almost a halfcentury later, a 24 MarchPhysical Review Letterby this same Hans Bethe takes a swipe at the one conspicuous fly remaining in the ointment of the “standard solar model” that has grown up around his seminal explanation of what makes the stars shine.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2815032

出版商:AIP    

年代:1986

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

At the Lawrence Berkeley Lab's Bevalac in February, the Plastic Ball nuclear particle detector was being carefully crated for its jumbo‐jet flight to CERN—and higher heavy‐ion energies. For the past four years, this hollow, faceted ball of814 plastic/CaF2scintillation modules has been monitoring the fragments coming off high‐energy heavy‐ion collisions at the Bevalac, which can accelerate heavy‐ion beams to 2 GeV/nucleon. From the outside, we see mostly the cabled ends of photomultiplier tubes. The Plastic Ball, built at LBL in collaboration with the Gesellschaft fur Schwerionenforschung (GSI) in Darmstadt, was the first nuclear‐physics detector capable of simultaneously identifying and measuring essentially all of the charged particles produced in a high‐energy heavy‐ion collision. Among the Plastic Ball's successes has been the first observation of “collective flow” in compressed nuclear matter.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2833552

出版商:AIP    

年代:1986

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

What kind of education do colleges and universities in the United States now give students who want to become physicists? Are we educating enough of them, and are we educating them well enough to meet national needs in the next decade? Do institutions of higher education have the resources they need for this task? Are employers satisfied with the results? These are some of the questions addressed in this special issue ofPHYSICS TODAY.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.881028

出版商:AIP    

年代:1986

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Institutions that focus primarily on undergraduate education produce a surprisingly large fraction of the bachelor's degrees awarded annually in physics in the United States. More than half of the students majoring in physics in 1984–85 were at the 577 institutions that do not award doctoral degrees, which we will refer to as “colleges.” About 40&percent; of US citizens starting graduate study in physics in 1985–86 came from US colleges.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.881029

出版商:AIP    

年代:1986

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Physics research may be represented as striving toward two objectives: to improve our understanding of the nature of matter and energy and to develop inputs to tomorrow's technology and engineering. The first corresponds to basic research, the second to applied research. How do we train future researchers to carry out such work? In the United States, it is primarily through graduate education, specifically for the PhD; most professional physicists earn a master's degree only incidentally—as a stepping stone toward the PhD, not as a terminal degree. In many other countries this is not the case. In Japan, for example, a large fraction of industrial researchers have only master's degrees. By contrast, in Germany more PhDs are produced but a PhD does not qualify one for a university professorship.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.881030

出版商:AIP    

年代:1986

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Beyond the general feeling that “students should live only as well as I did when I was in school,” the physics community apparently gives little consideration to graduatestudent life. As chairman of the physicsgraduate‐student organization at Cornell University, I recently completed a survey of the living expenses of physics graduate students at Cornell. This survey was the latest in a series conducted annually to monitor how well salaries for teaching and research assistants keep up with the cost of living. While preparing my report I found that there seems to be no way of determining whether such support is adequate other than comparing the value of the support from year to year. Through discussions with administrators, faculty and other graduate students it became apparent that departments give little thought to what kind of life graduate students lead.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2815033

出版商:AIP    

年代:1986

数据来源: AIP