ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2805724

出版商:AIP    

年代:1998

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.882469

出版商:AIP    

年代:1998

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.882475

出版商:AIP    

年代:1998

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.882479

出版商:AIP    

年代:1998

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

This year's Nobel Prize in Physics is shared by Robert Laughlin (Stanford), Horst Stormer (Columbia University and Bell Laboratories) and Daniel Tsui (Princeton), for their roles in the discovery and explanation of the fractional quantum Hall effect. In 1982, when Stormer and Tsui were experimenters at Bell Labs, they and their colleague Arthur Gossard discovered this totally unexpected quantum effect in the transport properties of two‐dimensional electron gases at low temperature in strong magnetic fields.’ (SeePHYSICS TODAY, July 1983, page 19.)

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.882480

出版商:AIP    

年代:1998

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has chosen Walter Kohn and John Pople as the recipients of the 1998 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Kohn, a research professor of physics at the University of California, Santa Barbara, is being honored for “his development of density functional theory,” and Pople, a professor of chemistry at Northwestern University, is being cited for “his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry.” Through their separate contributions, according to the academy, Kohn and Pople were “the two most prominent figures” in the “enormous theoretical and computational development” leading to the emergence of quantum chemistry.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.882481

出版商:AIP    

年代:1998

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

The startling discoveries of the integral and fractional quantum Hall effects were made in two‐dimensional electron gases subjected to very high magnetic fields (see the story on page 17). Now, it appears, other surprises await us at lower fields. In a recent study, the longitudinal resistivity exhibited a strong anisotropy in a certain range of temperature and magnetic field: When plotted as a function of the magnetic field, the resistivity has a dip when the current flows in one direction and a strong peak when it flows in an orthogonal direction. There's noa priorireason to think that these two directions are different.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.882482

出版商:AIP    

年代:1998

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Ordering and the formation of crystals have long fascinated mankind. The reverence bestowed on gem‐stones and the fantastic properties attributed to crystalline matter arise from the unique optical, geometric and physical properties of the ordered state. Although scientific inquiry has focused mostly on molecular and atomic crystals, much also can be learned from the study of super‐molecular and colloidal arrays.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.882495

出版商:AIP    

年代:1998

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

The El Nin˜o/Southern Oscillation phenomenon (ENSO, for short) is the strongest source of natural variability in Earth's climate system. Although ENSO originates in the tropical latitudes of the Pacific Ocean, its climatic impact is felt globally. Variations in major rainfall systems that are attributed to ENSO range from droughts in Indonesia and Australia to storms and flooding in Ecuador and the US.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.882496

出版商:AIP    

年代:1998

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Ithink it was Ernest Rutherford who once stated, “Science is divided into two categories, physics and stamp‐collecting.” If this were true, physicists who dabbled in philately on the side could claim sweeping scientific expertise. Alas, it isn't and we can't. But many physicists, in fact, are avid collectors of stamps (Hans Bethe among them, I understand) and of other things.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.882483

出版商:AIP    

年代:1998

数据来源: AIP