摘要:

Objective.  The objective of the current study was to examine the cognitive processes that make it possible to use intentions to change one's habitual health‐related behaviour.Design.  The study used an idiosyncratic approach to investigate personal existing habits and non‐habitual behaviours in a within‐participants experiment.Method.  Participants first generated habitual and non‐habitual behaviours for various daily‐life goals (e.g., having lunch, playing sports). Next, they formed intentions to perform non‐habitual behaviours in order to attain these goals. Finally, we measured the cognitive accessibility of participants’ habitual and non‐habitual behaviours with a behaviour recognition task.Results.  The findings showed that habitual behaviours were more accessible than the non‐habitual behaviours when no intentions were formed (control goals), showing that habits are more readily accessed in mind. However, when participants had formed intentions to use non‐habitual behaviours, habitual behaviours for the same goals were inhibited in mind. This could be the cognitive mechanism that shields intentions from habit intrusion and thus enables the pursuit of non‐habitual behaviours.Conclusion.  The current study demonstrates the role of inhibitory processes in shielding non‐habitual intentions in memory. These findings are discussed in the context of success and failure

ISSN:1359-107X    

DOI:10.1348/2044-8287.002005

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2011

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Objective.  This study aimed to investigate the influence of anticipated emotions on preventive health behaviour if specified at the level of behavioural outcomes. Consistent with predictions from a recently developed model of goal pursuit, we hypothesized that the impact of emotions on effort levels depended on the perceived proximity to the goal.Design.  Participants with weight‐loss intentions were randomly selected from an Internet panel and completed questionnaires at three points in time, baseline (T1;N= 725), 2 weeks later at T2 (N= 582) and again 2 months later at T3 (N= 528).Methods.  Questionnaires assessed anticipated emotions (at T1) and experienced emotions (at T2) towards goal attainment and non‐attainment. Goal proximity, goal desirability, and effort levels in striving for weight loss were assessed at both T1 and T2. Current and target weights were reported at all three assessments.Results.  In line with predictions, we found that negative anticipated emotions towards goal non‐attainment resulted in increased effort but only if people perceived themselves in close proximity to their goal. Effort, in turn, predicted weight loss and goal achievement.Conclusion.  The current data bear important practical implications as they identify anticipated emotions as targets of behaviour change interventions aimed to stimulate effort in striving for broad, health‐related goals

ISSN:1359-107X    

DOI:10.1348/135910710X494952

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2011

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Objective. This study aimed to identify factors predicting anxiety and depression among people who attend primary care‐based diabetes screening.Design. A prospective cohort study embedded in the ADDITION (Cambridge) randomized control trial.Methods. Participants (N= 3,240) at risk of diabetes were identified from 10 primary care practices and invited to a stepwise screening programme as part of the ADDITION (Cambridge) trial. Main outcome measures were anxiety and depression at 12 months post‐screening assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).Results. Hierarchical linear regressions showed that demographic, clinical, and psychological variables collectively accounted for 52% of the variance in HADS anxiety scores and 53% of the variance in HADS depression scores 12 months after diabetes screening. Screening outcome (positive or negative for diabetes) was not related to differences in anxiety or depression at 12 months. Higher number of self‐reported (diabetes) symptoms after first attendance was associated with higher anxiety and depression at 12‐month follow‐up, after controlling for anxiety and depression after first attendance.Conclusion. Participants in a diabetes screening programme showed low scores on anxiety and depression scales after first appointment and 1 year later. Diagnosis of diabetes was shown to have a limited psychological impact and may be less important than symptom perception in determining emotional outcomes after participation in

ISSN:1359-107X    

DOI:10.1348/135910710X495366

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2011

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1359-107X    

DOI:10.1348/2044-8287.002015

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2011

数据来源: WILEY