摘要:

The effect of browned volatile aroma concentrate of aspartic acid (A)-fructose (F) interaction at 120d`C on the growth rate and metabolism of Swiss albino adult female rats was studied. Rats received either low or high doses of A-F 120 (0.1 and 0.25 LD 50) intragastrically for 12 weeks, exhibited a lag in the weight gain due to diarrhoea, as well as a significant increase in organ/whole body weight ratio regarding liver, kidney, stomach and caecum compared to normal controls. This mode of dietary treatment resulted in a significant reduction in the levels of serum cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, albumin and liver total lipid, while a significant elevation in the levels of serum glucose, urea nitrogen and liver glycogen, as well as some enzyme activity in the serum and liver tissue of both groups of animals are reported and discussed, accordingly.

ISSN:0963-7486    

DOI:10.3109/09637489409166146

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The influence of exercise on the thermic effect of food (TEF) was examined in 28 non-obese women using two different protocols. The energy expenditure of exercise (walking on a motor driven treadmill at 4.8 km/h and 0% gradient) at 50–55% VO2max before and after ingestion of a high carbohydrate-low fat meal (2520kJ) was determined using the Douglas bag technique. In both protocols subjects performed the exercise before the meal (post-absorptive condition) following which there was a 30 min rest and then reassessment of resting metabolic rate (RMR). The basal metabolic rate of the subjects was 3.94±0.13kJ/min and the post-absorptive RMR was 4.02±0.14kJ/min. There was no significant difference (P= 0.57) between these two values. In protocol 1 (n= 11) after reassessing the RMR the meal was eaten for 10 min and subjects performed the exercise for 40 min following which there was a 2.5 h rest during which measurement of postprandial resting metabolic rate (PPMR) was carried out. The energy expenditure of exercise in the post-absorptive state was 15.37±0.75 kJ/min and in the absorptive state (after meal) was 15.66±0.75 kJ/min being an increase of 2%. No significant differences were observed between these two values (P= 0.78). The PPMR measured 45, 95 and 150 min post exercise was found to be 21%, 20% and 18% above the pre-meal RMR. In protocol 2 (n= 17) after reassessing the RMR the meal was eaten for 10 min and 30 min later the PPMR was measured followed by the same exercise as before eating. The energy expenditure of exercise in the post-absorptive state was 17.24±0.50kJ/min and 17.41±0.47kJ/min in the absorptive state (after meal), being an increase of 1%. There was no significant difference between these two values (P= 0.79). The PPMR was 4.94±0.08kJ/min. This was an increase of about 19% above the pre-meal RMR (4.14±0.14kJ/min).

ISSN:0963-7486    

DOI:10.3109/09637489409166147

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The seasonal changes in concentrations of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na) and potassium (K) present in the milk of the three main milk-producing species (cow, ewe and goat) were studied for 1 year by using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The mean concentrations obtained for the four minerals studied, Ca, Mg, Na and K, were: 1.20±0.11, 0.105±0.007, 0.58±0.07 and 1.68±0.07 mg/g of fresh weight respectively for cow milk; 2.06±0.27, 0.194±0.040, 0.51±0.12 and 1.57±0.20 mg/g of fresh weight for ewe milk, 1.55±0.12, 0.142±0.014, 0.44±0.08 and 1.63±0.08 mg/g of fresh weight for goat milk. Two-factor variance analyses were made on the milk products investigated for the four mineral elements and Scheffémultiple analyses (P<0.05) were also carried out for the formation of homogeneous groups per species for the mineral elements analysed.

ISSN:0963-7486    

DOI:10.3109/09637489409166148

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Ten brands of margarines from the Greek market were analysed. The fatty acid (FA) composition was estimated by using gas liquid chromatography (GLC) with a capillary column. A sample of Cretan olive oil was used as a control. The brands of the same margarines were bought and analysed twice (June and October 1991) in order to observe differences between batches. During the second part of the study it was possible to distinguish between the cis and trans isomers of the unsaturated fatty acids. The ratios of polyunsaturated/saturated, monounsaturated/polyunsaturated and saturated/monounsaturated (P/S, M/P, S/M) fatty acids were calculated as well as theω-6/ω-3 ratio. Four brands contained at least 40% saturated fatty acids. Trans double bonds were additionally regarded as simple bonds and the conventional ratios were recalculated. The amount of the 18:1 trans fatty acid ranged from 5.40 to 9.54% and that of cis-trans and trans-cis 18:2 fatty acids from 0.40 to 3.65%. The 18:2 trans-trans fatty acids ranged from 0 to 1.23%. Food consumption surveys in Crete showed that in selective population samples, margarine consumption was approximately 9 g/day for children and 2 g/day for adults. The analysis of fatty acids in adipose tissue of 70 Cretan lawyers showed 0.90±0.25% (0.46–1.67) for 4 trans isomers of oleic acid and 0.14±0.06% (0.05–0.31) and 0.04±0.01% (0.02–0.06) for trans-cis and cis-trans isomers of linoleic acid respectively. Although margarine consumption in Crete is still low, trans fatty acids content is reflected in the adipose fatty acid composition. The industry must consider the potential health risks that consumption of such margarines will have on the population, and they must try to improve their products.

ISSN:0963-7486    

DOI:10.3109/09637489409166149

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The proximate analysis, determination of nutritionally valuable minerals and the functional properties of the seed flour of African yam bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa) were investigated. Three different colour varieties of whole seeds and their cotyledons from the same source were identified and processed for the study. The average composition of the seeds (whole grains) was as follows: protein 20.51%, fat 12.20%, carbohydrate 50.24%, ash 2.60%, fibre 6.00% and moisture 8.36%. The corresponding cotyledons contained protein 23.93%, fat 3.65%, carbohydrate 62.40%, ash 2.25%, fibre 2.07% and moisture 5.62%. The seeds were rich in potassium and phosphorus (625.43 mg/100g) and (206.35 mg/100g) respectively for whole grains while values for cotyledons were (553.6 mg/100g) and (234.161 mg/100mg) respectively. The functional properties, that is, protein solubility (PS), water absorption capacity (WAC), fat absorption capacity (FAC), fat emulsion stability (FES), lowest gelation concentration (LGC), foaming capacity (FC) and foaming stability (FS) were investigated. Heat treatment (for the preparation of cotyledons) reduced the protein solubility, fat emulsion capacity, foaming capacity, foaming stability and lowest gelation concentration while water absorption capacity, fat absorption capacity and fat emulsion stability were slightly increased.

ISSN:0963-7486    

DOI:10.3109/09637489409166150

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

More than half of the developing world's children are undernourished, many with retardation of growth and development. Malnutrition begins in infancy, during the transition from breast feeding to solid diet, frequently in association with diarrhoeal disease. Traditional weaning foods are often of low energy density and protein content, and susceptible to contamination with enteropathogenic bacteria. However improvements in the composition of weaning foods must be accompanied by programmes to prevent and treat diarrhoeal disease, if childhood malnutrition in the developing world is to be eliminated.

ISSN:0963-7486    

DOI:10.3109/09637489409166151

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The fatty acids and the total fat content of eight species of Mediterranean fish (Scomber japonicus, Boops boops, Mullus barbatus, Mullus surm uletus, Merluccius merluccius, Pagelius erythrinus, Pagrus pagrus, Sparus aurata—see Appendix 1) commonly consumed in this area were analysed. Six of the fishes were caught from the Kritiko pelagos, and the other two, theSparus aurataand thePagrus pagrus, were donated from the fishes cultured at the Institute of Marine Biology of Crete. The GC chromatography of the fatty acids showed the n-3 to range from 12.6 to 28.3% of the observed acids. The n-6/n-3 ratio of fatty acids was found to be 0.2–0.7, and the saturated fatty acids range from 28.0 to 33.2%. These results demonstrate that the eight species of fish studied from the Mediterranean sea are a good source of n-3 fatty acids.

ISSN:0963-7486    

DOI:10.3109/09637489409166152

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The glycaemic index (GI) and triglyceride response was determined in 20 non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus subjects who were given a 50 g carbohydrate portion of the test meal‘khichadi’(a steam cooked savoury preparation) made out of the cereal-pulse mix containing wheat grits, soyabean, guar seeds, fenugreek seeds, green gram whole, red gram dhal, lentil and black gram dhal. The mean GI value for the test meal is 42.72. Compared with the blood glucose response for a 50 g glucose load, the test meal elicited significantly lower responses at 1 h and 2 h intervals. The test meal also showed a lower triglyceride response.

ISSN:0963-7486    

DOI:10.3109/09637489409166153

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor