摘要:

Iron (Fe) binding capacity of butter beans, broad beans and lentils in the raw, cooked and fibre-rich fraction (FRF) forms; with Fe addition alone, with calcium (Ca) and with Ca, zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg) and copper (Cu) at concentrations based on physiological and dietary considerations, was investigated in conditions simulating the small intestine. The FRFs were found to bind significantly more Fe, indicating the substantial role of dietary fibre in Fe binding. More Fe was bound to legumes studied when Fe was added together with Ca than separate Fe addition. Further more Fe binding was noted in the presence of Ca, Zn, Mg and Cu.

ISSN:0963-7486    

DOI:10.3109/09637489209027533

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In a rapidly developing country like Malaysia problems related to nutrition present themselves with contrasting features. While health indicators such as the toddler mortality rate, incidence of low birth weight and food balance sheet data suggest an improving nutritional situation, direct nutrition assessment indicates that chronic protein energy malnutrition is still common amongst children in rural areas and urban slums. Initial surveys of the adult urban population indicate about 10% prevalence of chronic energy deficiency in both sexes. Food consumption data revealed an average energy intake below the recommended daily intake for Malaysia in most age groups. Although death due to malnutrition is rare in Malaysia, it is known to cause considerable ill-health, impaired mental performance in children, loss of productivity in adults and an overall decline in quality of life. This paper reports the prevalence of malnutrition in the last two decades, the possible contributing factors and recommendations for alleviating the problems in Malaysia.

ISSN:0963-7486    

DOI:10.3109/09637489209027534

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The growth pattern of 32 infants in Kuala Lumpur was followed from birth until 12 months of age. Birth weight and length of boys were slightly higher than the girls at 3.08±0.4 kg, 49.4±2.2cmvs2.94±0.4 kg, 48.8±2.6 cm. While girls gained weight more rapidly than boys, the latter accelerated more in height based on NCHS (National Centre for Health Statistics) and Malaysian percentages. However, both experienced a deceleration in weight and height gain after the first six months. Among the infants studied, 15 were breast-fed for less than two months, 11 were breast-fed for six months and six were breast-fed until one year. The majority of the babies were given solid food at four months old. Hence this study showed that infant growth pattern is closer to the Malaysian growth percentile when compared to the NCHS reference and could vary according to feeding practices.

ISSN:0963-7486    

DOI:10.3109/09637489209027535

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Haematocrit values of 1484 Guatemalan children aged 5 to 18 years (mean: 10 years), 897 males and 587 females, were determined in a haematological survey. Five hundred and eight were sampled in the highland province of Alta Verapaz (AV) and 976 in the coastal province of Retalhuleu (Reu). Packed cell volumes were classified as‘normal’or‘subnormal’using two published standards, both adjusted by age, gender, and altitude of origin (Interdepartmental Committee for Nutrition in National Development, 1969; Viteriet al, 1972). The former gave a global prevalence of haematological subnormality of 7.7%: 10.6% in AV and 6.3% in Reu; the latter gave a global prevalence of 8.0%: 16.1% in AV and 6.3% in Reu. The lowland population, paradoxically, had the lower rate of low haematocrits. Males had more subnormal haematocrits than females. Only 37 of 196 children (19%) were identified as having a haematological deficit by both systems simultaneously. For assessment of the haematological status of the Guatemalan population, surveyors are faced with a dilemma of discordant and mutually-inconsistent classification standards from which to choose.

ISSN:0963-7486    

DOI:10.3109/09637489209027536

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The proximate composition, seed protein fractions, amino acid profiles, fatty acids, minerals and anti-nutritional factors ofVigna trilobatawere analysed. The crude protein content was 20.31%, crude fat 5.54%, crude fibre 8.81% and ash 2.71%. The seeds were found to be a rich source of minerals such as Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn compared to some of the most common Indian pulses. In the seed proteins the essential amino acids valine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine and lysine were somewhat higher, but threonine, isoleucine and the sulphur-containing amino acids lower than recommended in the WHO/FAO requirement pattern. The seed lipids contained a large proportion of unsaturated fatty acids. The total free phenols, tannins, L-DOPA (3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) and haemagglutinating activity were also analysed or assayed.

ISSN:0963-7486    

DOI:10.3109/09637489209027537

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Cytokines mediate many of the metabolic changes that occur during infection and are implicated in chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Fish oil has been shown to moderate their inflammatory effects by alteration of eicosanoid metabolism. This study compares the response of mice to TNFa after seven weeks of feeding diets rich inn-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) fed as corn oil, or poor inn-6 PUFAs fed as fish or coconut oil or suet. The latter three fats, although similar in this respect, differ in that suet is rich in the mono-unsaturated fatty acid, oleic acid (C18:l) while coconut oil is rich in saturated fatty acids of medium carbon chain lengths, lauric and myristic acids (C12:0 and C14:0) and fish oil has a high content ofn-3 PUFAs. Responses in mice fed corn oil were regarded as normal. Protein fractional synthetic rates and content were measured in liver, lung and muscle, caeruloplasmin concentration in serum and zinc concentration in liver. While TNF failed to change protein content or synthetic rate in liver and muscle, substantial changes occurred in the lung in animals fed corn oil. The findings contrast with those of studies using rats where substantial increases occur in liver and lung. Feeding coconut oil reduced the response of protein synthesis in lung, suet abolished the response and fish oil changed the effect of TNF to an inhibition of synthesis. Liver zinc concentration was only increased in mice fed corn oil but caeruloplasmin was increased by TNF in all dietary groups. The studies indicate substantial differences in intra-species and intra-tissue sensitivity to the actions of recombinant human TNFα. While fats low in linoleic acid modulate the effect of TNFαon lung, the extent and nature of the modulation is influenced by other characteristics of the fat.

ISSN:0963-7486    

DOI:10.3109/09637489209027538

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The nutritional quality of maize-soybean (70:30) tempe manufactured by culture fermentation byRhizopus oligosporusandR. oryzaemixed in the ratio 1:1 was evaluated. Fermentation did not significantly change proximate composition. The dietary fibre increased on fermentation. Total iron, calcium and phosphorus concentrations did not change while the phytate content decreased by 67% and iron absorption increased 2.5 fold. Niacin, riboflavin and thiamine increased 2, 2.5 and 0.5-fold, respectively. The digestibility coefficient, protein efficiency ratio and net protein ratio improved to be comparable to skimmed milk. The overall acceptability of tempe gruel was similar to whole maize gruel. Maize-soybean tempe therefore has potential as a weaning food.

ISSN:0963-7486    

DOI:10.3109/09637489209027539

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor