摘要:

A surprisingly high prevalence of obesity is reported in the population of Bombay, India. However, the response of the Indian population to a nutritionally adequate hypocaloric diet for the treatment of obesity is unknown and, therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate the response to an out-patient diet therapy in India and to compare and contrast with similar reports from western societies, with special reference to dietary habits, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and smoking habits. The effect of a balanced hypocaloric diet (1100–1900cal) for 15 weeks was studied in 1117 patients, and their response to the treatment was analysed. During the study period, the body weight of the patients decreased by 10–13%, and a corresponding decrease in body mass index, body fat content, and blood pressure was also observed. The drop-out rate was 56.6% for males and 51.5% for females. Vegetarians and non-vegetarians had similar percentage obesity, and the rate of reduction did not depend on the diet type. The WHR for non-vegetarian females was higher than that for vegetarians. The amount of reduction in percentage obesity was not influenced by the WHR. Smokers had higher percentage obesity and also lost a greater amount of weight compared to non-smokers. The results in terms of the weight lost, and the drop-out rate, are comparable with similar reports from developed countries. The response obtained, and the trends observed with respect to the diet type, WHR and smoking, differ from the prevalent view, and may indicate trends peculiar to the Indian population.

ISSN:0963-7486    

DOI:10.3109/09637489309017425

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Quercetin, a natural flavonoid, is a well-known genotoxin, but its carcinogenicity is unclear. The objective of these studies was to investigate and compare the effects on glycolytic flux of quercetin and the known toxic xenobiotic phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) in a cell culture model. Rat kidney cells (NRK-49F) grown in culture were exposed to either quercetin (29 nM) or PMA (16 nM) in a dimethyl sulphoxide carrier. PMA treatment led to the expected increase in fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (Fru-2,6-P2) compared to the control value after a 6h incubation. In addition, there was an increase in the metabolite after the addition of quercetin. Lactate release increased after exposure to PMA and after exposure to quercetin. No significant additivity of the effects of PMA together with quercetin was observed. It was found that the activity of phosphofructo-kinase-2 (PFK-2), the enzyme that catalyses the synthesis of Fru-2,6-P2, was increased after exposure to PMA and after exposure to quercetin. The increase in Fru-2,6-P2and PFK-2 brought about by these two agents was prevented when the cells were incubated in the presence of cycloheximide (1 mM). The overall findings suggest that quercetin stimulates glycolysis in a similar fashion to PMA.

ISSN:0963-7486    

DOI:10.3109/09637489309017426

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Ber juice was fed to groups of growing albino rats at the level of 10 ml/day in a 15% protein diet for four weeks. Diets containing ber juice showed significantly higher feed efficiency ratios when compared with control rats. No marked differences were observed in blood composition, serum glucose, proteins, cholesterol, serum glutamate oxaloacetate and pyruvate trans-aminases, alkaline phosphatase and organ weights in the different groups. The organs of animals fed ber juice with or without seeds or the casein control diet showed a normal histopathological picture. The results indicate that consumption of ber juice does not result in any adverse effects in rats.

ISSN:0963-7486    

DOI:10.3109/09637489309017427

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The quantity and quality of protein ingested is determined by the dietary pattern. It has recently been suggested that the requirements for essential amino acids cannot be met on diets high in cereals unless at least 30% of the total protein intake is derived from animal sources. The sources of protein in the diet of adults who participated in the Diet and Nutritional Survey of British Adults (Gregoryet al., 1990) have been examined to explore whether there are groups of people eating high cereal protein diets. As the intake of cereals as a source of protein increases, the total intake of protein decreases. Relatively few people (21 out of 1844) derived more than 45% of their protein intake from cereals. Vegetarians (n= 29), identified as those not eating meat during the study, were much more likely to derive more than 45% of their total protein intake from cereals. Dietary patterns were explored in relation to age, gender, regional and social class differences. In the majority of the population, upper social class older women from the Central/South West parts of the UK were more likely to consume a higher cereal diet. Data published elsewhere from the present study population (Gregoryet al., 1990) show that this group is more likely to conform with current dietary guidelines for fat, fibre and vegetable consumption. If the suggestion about protein quality on cereal-based diets were true, this group of people, along with vegetarians, would be considered to be at increased risk. The results of the present analysis raise important questions about the extent to which our perceptions of the adequacy of diets in the short term are compatible with recommendations such as the current guidelines which have the objective of reducing the risk of chronic disease, such as coronary heart disease, in the longer term.

ISSN:0963-7486    

DOI:10.3109/09637489309017428

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The nutritional intakes of 250 ultra-orthodox adults from Hassidic Jewish sects (the majority of sects living in Outremont in central MontrealversusLubavitcher Hassidim) were assessed as part of a Montreal study examining the influence of the Jewish religion and dietary laws (kashruth) on family food habits. Each participant completed a self-administered, mailed questionnaire, providing information on country of origin, marital, work and educational status, some health-relevant behaviours, and self-reported personal and family history of selected chronic diseases; a two-day food record attached to this questionnaire was employed to evaluate week-day and sabbath nutrient levels. Body mass index was high among older women and younger men. While Lubavitchers were significantly better educated than their Outremont counterparts, they reported more adherence to therapeutic diets, and greater frequencies of smoking, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, with a trend for cancer; Outremont sects showed a trend for more regular exercise. The nutrient analyses revealed intakes which differed from those of French-Canadian Montrealers and Canadians in general, as well as an American sample, mainly due to lower energy, fat, and saturated fat intakes in the Hassidic group. Levels of protein, carbohydrates, iron and potassium were similar to Quebec and Canadian findings, while higher vitamin C, polyunsaturated fat and cholesterol were noted among the Hassidim. Most Canadian recommended nutrient intakes (RNIs) were met or exceeded; however, pantothenic acid and copper fell below the two-thirds‘caution point’, and total fibre, zinc, vitamin D and calcium were between only 68 and 79% of their respective recommendations. Differences were observed between sabbath and week-day intakes as proportions of the RNIs, and between the Hassidic sects studied. The results suggest that sect-related differences in diet, and the resultant nutrient intakes, are related to the observed differences in health behaviour and self-reported history of disease. Further study is required to clarify these issues.

ISSN:0963-7486    

DOI:10.3109/09637489309017429

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Leaf concentrate (or leaf protein) production continues to be promoted in the developing world but its feasibility as a community-based activity has never been adequately evaluated. In Sri Lanka the feeding of leaf concentrate to children attending Sarvodaya nursery schools has recently been implemented. Using hand-operated machinery and relying on community participation for leaf provision and processing, the objective was to provide leaf concentrate equivalent to 333g of leaf/child daily.The feasibility of this process was evaluated by monitoring leaf provision, machine performance, community participation, attitudes, and acceptability over a seven month period.Leaf provision and community participation were found to be inadequate. The machinery was inefficient and unpopular, and the process was considered too time-consuming. Whilst the leaf concentrate itself was acceptable, this method of supplementing pre-school children is not sustainable in Sri Lanka.

ISSN:0963-7486    

DOI:10.3109/09637489309017430

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The functional properties of haemagglutinins (lectins) extracted, purified and lyophilised from some edible varieties of lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) were studied. The solubilities of the haemagglutinins were pH dependent. For example, the solubilities of TPL 13 and TPL 323 were minima at about pH 6 while that of the TPL 237 was minimum at about pH 5. The water absorption capacities varied from 41.66% in TPL 13 to 104.06% in TPL 323 while the oil absorption varied from 361.46% in TPL 13 to 90.94% in TPL 323. The samples had good gelation property which varied between 6 and 8% while the emulsion capacity was between 12.24 and 28.12%. The foaming capacity and foaming stability varied respectively from 350.50% and 337% for TPL 13 to 220.15% and 210.29% for TPL 237.

ISSN:0963-7486    

DOI:10.3109/09637489309017431

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A village in northern Tanzania affected by the paralytic disease konzo was compared to a neighbouring unaffected village to investigate possible causes of high cyanide exposure from cassava associated with the disease. Food shortage caused shortening of the established cassava-processing method in both villages. Intensive trade in cassava also contributed to shortening of processing in the affected village. An experiment revealed that established cassava processing by fermenting crushed roots effectively reduced levels of cyanogenic glucosides but significant amounts of yielded cyanohydrins remained in the flour, even after four nights fermentation. Mean (±s.e.m.) cyanohydrin levels were higher in flour from short-processed roots: 57±6 mg cyanide equivalents per kg dry weight, compared to 36±7 when fermented for four nights (P= 0.04). High cyanide intake was supported by high mean (±s.e.m.) urinary thiocyanate: 490±48μmol/l in the affected village and 350±39 in the unaffected one (not significant). Cyanide exposure was aggravated in the affected population by a very low intake of protein resulting in less available sulphur for converting cyanide to thiocyanate, supported by low urinary sulphate. Urinary inorganic sulphate levels were 3802±369μmol/l in the affected village and 7038±855 in the non-affected village (P<0.001).

ISSN:0963-7486    

DOI:10.3109/09637489309017432

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Evidence continues to accumulate supporting a beneficial role for fish and fish oil consumption in the amelioration of human disease. This review highlights mechanisms linking fish oil with alleviation of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Particular emphasis is given to the role of fish oils and other fats in eicosanoid synthesis.

ISSN:0963-7486    

DOI:10.3109/09637489309017433

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Experimental Food ScienceMarjorie P. Penfield and Ada Marie Campbell Third Edition, 1990, Academic Press, $39.95

ISSN:0963-7486    

DOI:10.3109/09637489309017434

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor