摘要:

Oat bran porridges were cooked and fermented at 5, 10, 15, and 20% solids (as is basis). Cooking was carried out on gas stove and viscograph. Supplementation with malt flour at 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1%. Cooked oat bran porridge was inoculated with fresh yoghurt and fermented 18 h overnight in an incubator at 42°C. Falling number values were made to estimate the effects of amylase treatments by addition of malt flour on oat bran slurry when heated in an aqueous suspension. Pasting properties were observed with the viscograph and consistency measurements were made with Bostwick consistometer. The falling number method was not suitable for consistency measurements due to wide variations in values obtained. Enzymatic additions reduced the consistency of porridge with an increase in flowability during measurements. The peak heights obtained from the viscograms reduced proportionally with an increase in malt flour supplementation. The desirability of a product with higher energy values and a sufficiently low consistency that is spoonable was possible with cooked, fermented oat bran porridge.

ISSN:0963-7486    

DOI:10.3109/09637489509012548

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The nutrient composition and antinutritional factors of two Indian tribal pulses,Indigofera linifolia(L.f)Retz. andSesbania bispinosa(Jacq.) W.F. Wight, were determined. The mature seeds contained 296.6–321.2 g kg−1crude protein, 47.2–64.2 g kg−1crude lipid, 56.7–72 g kg−1crude fiber, 27.6–31.9 g kg−1ash and 531.3–550.6 g kg−1carbohydrates. The seeds ofIndigofera linifoliawere rich in K, Ca, Mn and Cu, whereasSesbania bispinosawere rich in P and Zn. While albumins and globulins constituted the major proportion of seed proteins inIndigofera linifolia, globulins and glutelins formed the major bulk of seed proteins inSesbania bispinosa.Seed lipids of both legumes contained a large proportion of unsaturated fatty acids with linoleic acid as the predominant one. These two pulses contained adequate levels of all the essential amino acids except sulpho-amino acids in total seed proteins and globulin fraction ofSesbania bispinosa.Thein vitroprotein digestibility of the raw seeds ofIndigofera linifoliaandSesbania bispinosawere found to be 74.15% and 66.71% and cooked seeds 81.4% and 76.8%, respectively. Antinutritional factors such as total free phenolics, tannins, phytic acid, hydrogen cyanide, trypsin inhibitor and phytohaemagglutinating activities were also analysed.

ISSN:0963-7486    

DOI:10.3109/09637489509012549

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The fatty acid (FA) composition of samples of breast milk obtained from well-nourished Sudanese women was determined by capillary gas chromatography. Saturated fatty acids (SFA) constituted 46%, monoenoic acids (MONOENE) 33% and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) accounted for 21% of total fatty acids. The mean value (18.28%) of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid was comparable to the levels reported for well-nourished mothers from industrialised countries. The proportions of fatty acids synthesised de novo in the mammary gland (10:0, 12:0, 14:0) were less than expected from published studies of mothers consuming low fat diet averaging 17.4%. The amount of 22:6 n-3 which is synthesised from 18:3 n-3 and also taken up by consumption of fish were found to be low. The possible nutritional implications of the low n-3 fatty acids for the infants should therefore be investigated.

ISSN:0963-7486    

DOI:10.3109/09637489509012550

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Physicochemical and nutritional quality of five improved cultivars of desi and kabuli chickpeas and their products were studied. The kabuli chickpea had larger seed (26 g/100 seeds) than desi type (21 g/100 seeds). The hydration capacity per seed of desi (0.16 g) was lower than kabuli type (0.26 g). A positive correlation (r= 0.87) between seed weight and hydration capacity was observed. The mean cooking time of dry desi vs kabuli seed (124.5 vs 113.8 min) was reduced to 37.5 vs 32.8 min and to 28.8 vs 22.5 min when soaked overnight in water and in 0.5% solution of sodium bicarbonate respectively. The mean value of protein (25.4 vs 24.4%), fat (3.7 vs 5.1%), carbohydrate (47.4 vs 55%), crude fibre (11.2 vs 3.9%), ash (3.2 vs 2.8%) and caloric value (327 vs 365 kcal/100 g) were for desi vs kabuli chickpeas respectively. There was no difference in the essential amino acid contents and in chemical scores of desi (65) and kabuli (67) chickpeas. The order of limiting amino acid was methionine + cystine, threonine and valine in both types. The chickpeas products contained 8.9–21.1% protein (N×6.25), 3.1–21.8% fat, 53.4–75.9% carbohydrate, 1.6–11.1% crude fibre, 1.2–5.9% ash, 226–360 mg Ca, 126–315 mg P, 3.8–8.2 mg Fe, 1.8–5.4 mg Zn, 1.5–5.4 mg Mn, 0.6–1.1 mg Cu and 370–490 kcal per 100 g. All chickpea products provided 7–23%, 7–40% and 52–78% of the total calories from protein, fat and carbohydrates respectively. The nutritional quality of all products except Halwa was adequate to meet the protein requirements of all age groups when compared with reference protein energy ratios.

ISSN:0963-7486    

DOI:10.3109/09637489509012551

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The Japanese mint (Mentha arvensis) oil (JMO) was effective as fumigant againstSitophilus oryzaein sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). The observations on the effect of JMO treatment at a dose of 166.6μ1/1 of space to grains stored for 3 months in desiccators at 28±5°C showed non significant (P∽0.05) effect on grain hardness, grain density and per cent water absorption. The cooking quality evaluated in terms of cooking time required for boiling of grains was also not significantly affected. The JMO treated samples of boiled sorghum scored significantly lower values for sensory quality characteristicsviz.taste, aroma and overall acceptability compared to untreated samples. No effect of JMO on seed germination was observed. As sensory quality is lowered by use of JMO, the technique can only be recommended for seed sorghum preservation, not food.

ISSN:0963-7486    

DOI:10.3109/09637489509012552

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatographic technique (RP-HPLC) was developed for the analysis of ascorbic acid in bass liver. Ascorbic acid was extracted from bass liver and simultaneously assayed by RP-HPLC. The results were compared to the Dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) method now in use. Recovery studies showed about 97% by the HPLC method compared to about 96% by the DNPH method. There was no statistically significant difference found in the values obtained from the two methods. The HPLC method described here is considered the preferred method both in terms of a shorter analysis time and greater sensitivity.

ISSN:0963-7486    

DOI:10.3109/09637489509012553

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Dietary bulk has been cited as an important factor influencing the nutritional intake of young children in developing countries. In Tanzania, a potential solution to the problem of dietary bulk in weaning foods, has been the promotion of‘kimea’or‘power flour’which is a cereal grain that has been sprouted (germinated). Flour made from this germinated grain contains amylase and has a thinning effect when added in small quantities to thick porridge thus allowing small children to consume a greater quantity of porridge. Alternatively, the effect of adding kimea to porridge can be seen as improving energy density because more flour can be added to the mixture whilst the same consistency is maintained. The frequency of use of kimea and mothers’perceptions about its value for young child feeding were evaluated in eight villages of Kyela district, Mbeya region, Tanzania. In four villages kimea had been promoted (project villages) and in the other four villages there had been no special programme of promotion (nonproject). A total of 131 mothers attending MCH clinics and 37 dispensary staff were interviewed. Forty two per cent of project village mothers and 18% of nonproject village mothers had heard about the use of kimea for young child feeding but only 45% of these mothers used kimea when preparing porridge for their young children. Reasons for low adoption rates are discussed. Thirty seven per cent of mothers who had heard about kimea were unable to describe correctly how to use it to thin porridge. These results emphasise the need to examine local attitudes and activities in relation to household level food technologies before promoting their adoption.

ISSN:0963-7486    

DOI:10.3109/09637489509012554

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The effects of processing steps such as soaking, fermentation, cooking and drying on the availability of lysine in kenkey were investigated. Soaking increased lysine availability by 21% and 22% for maize and maize-cowpea mixtures, respectively. Cooking of soaked samples further improved lysine availability by 68% and 31% for maize and maize-cowpea mixtures, respectively. Further significant improvements in lysine availability were effected by fermentation and cooking and values of 3.42 and 4.43 g/16 g N were recorded, respectively for maize and maize-cowpea doughs fermented for 4 days and cooked for 3 h. Cabinet drying had no significant effect on lysine availability, but drum drying of fermented maize and maize-cowpea doughs significantly lowered lysine availability in the resulting kenkey. A 1:1 mixture of cabinet and drum dried flours gave a product with higher available lysine content than the drum dried flour.

ISSN:0963-7486    

DOI:10.3109/09637489509012555

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The effect of seasonal changes in household food availability on the dietary intakes and the nutritional status of 24 lactating women from smallholder rural households in Nakuru district Kenya, were investigated over a 15-month period in 1992/93 agricultural cycle. Dietary intakes and body weights were measured on monthly basis. Significant seasonal differences were found in intakes of calcium, vitamin A, vitamin C, riboflavin, and niacin respectively (P<0.01), as well as in the intake of protein, iron, and thiamin (P<0.05), but not with energy and fat intake. Large interseasonal weight losses of 5.6 kg (about 9%) at the rate of 1.1 kg/month, were observed between baseline measurements and the peak of the lean months when the energy intakes were 36.7 kcal/kg/day and protein at 1.1 g/kg/day. About 50% of the lost weight (2.8 kg) were recovered during the harvest months of January and February, when energy intakes improved to 41.0 kcal/kg/day, and protein to 1.2 g/kg/day. However, further weight losses of 1.6 kg or 0.5 kg/month occurred in the immediate postharvest months between March and June. While much of the weight loss may have been due to reduced energy intake during periods of food scarcity, part of the lost weight may have been due to increased energy requirement as a result of lactation and to increased physical activities. Further investigations are recommended.

ISSN:0963-7486    

DOI:10.3109/09637489509012556

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Clinical and laboratory data to define conditions of apparent health, localised infection or inapparent infection were available for 74 anaemic Guatemalan preschool children in the baseline phase of a clinical trial of the effect of iron and vitamin A on haematological status to be correlated with serum levels of four circulating micronutrients–iron, zinc, copper and retinol–known to be influenced by activation of the acute-phase reaction. Upon enrolment, only 29.7% of the children were free of all evidence of infection, 36.5% had one or more localised conditions detected on clinical examination, and 33.8% had an elevated white cell count and/or sedimentation rate, without localising features. These were classified as‘inapparent infections’. With respect to the healthy children, levels of iron, zinc, and retinol declined and copper generally increased in the four categories of clinical infections (acute respiratory infection, dermal infections, conjunctivitis, and‘other’) but were also displaced in inapparent infections. Some activation of the acute-phase response in anaemic children may occur in the absence of clinical findings. Care must be taken in interpreting circulating micronutrient levels in relation to nutritional status in such population.

ISSN:0963-7486    

DOI:10.3109/09637489509012557

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor