摘要:

The proximate analysis and the determination of the minerals ofCola acuminataandGarcinia kolawere carried out. Both types of seed have comparable values for dry matter, crude protein, ether extract and carbohydrate. High levels of crude fibre and total ash were observed inCola acuminata. Mg, Na, K and P were higher in values inCola acuminataand therefore can serve as a better source for such minerals. Cr was not detected in both samples. Pb was present in both samples probably as a result of environmental pollution. Since man does not require Pb in the body, consumers of the seeds should avoid large consumption of them.Garcinia kolasubstantially induces gastric acid secretion; it is therefore advisable that peptic ulcer patients should not eatGarcinia kolaseeds.

ISSN:0963-7486    

DOI:10.3109/09637489409166162

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Weight gain, feed efficiency and proliferation response of splenic lymphocytes were studied in mice fed either a yogurt or a milk-based diet. The yogurt contained liveLactobacillus bulgaricusandStreptococcus thermophilus.The feeding trial lasted for 10 months. Proliferation response of lymphocytes was measured by the uptake of tritiated thymidine into the cells when stimulated with the mitogens phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A) andEscherichia colilipopolysaccharide (LPS). There was no significant difference between the average body weight of mice belonging to the two dietary groups. But yogurt diet showed a higher feed efficiency ratio when compared to the milk diet for the first 8 weeks of the study while the mice were growing. After the period of growth was over, yogurt-fed mice maintained a constant body weight like the milk-fed mice but on a lower energy intake. The proliferation of splenic lymphocytes, expressed as Stimulation Index, was significantly higher in response to the T-lymphocyte mitogens Con A and PHA. Results suggest that yogurt has better feed efficiency and its long term inclusion in diets primes the splenic T-lymphocytes for a higher mitogenic response.

ISSN:0963-7486    

DOI:10.3109/09637489409166163

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A study was made of the influence of the composition of raw, cooked and canned white tuna fish on the utilisation of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus in the diet. The fish was canned using industrial methods. The biological tests were carried out on Wistar rats fed for 12 days on semi-synthetic diets which differed only in the protein source: raw tuna, steamed tuna, tuna cooked in brine and canned tuna both freshly prepared and stored for 1 and 3 years. The efficiency of the digestive and metabolic utilisation of the nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus in the diets including raw and steamed white tuna and tuna cooked in brine was similar to that of these elements in the control diet in which the protein source was casein-DL methionine; in addition, the animals ingesting these diets showed an adequate body weight evolution. After canning, there was a slight drop in protein quality and a further drop was noted after storage of the cans at atmospheric temperature for 1 year. This storage period produced no changes in the tuna which were likely to affect calcium bioavailability when both formed part of the same diet but the utilisation of phosphorus decreased notably, with the balance dropping by half. Also the final weights of the animals fed on these diets, which included tuna preserves for 1 year, were significantly lower. After 2 further years of storage of the cans, nutritional utilization of their protein rose to its former level as did that of phosphorus in the diets containing the steamed canned tuna (SC3) but only partially in that of the cooked in brine canned tuna (BC3), possibly because with this diet the calcium balance had dropped slightly.

ISSN:0963-7486    

DOI:10.3109/09637489409166164

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A total of 201 elderly women (x= 64.3 yrs, range 57–74 yrs) were randomly selected for a nutritional survey. Subjects represented two residential areas of the city of Nairobi; 113 subjects lived in a very poor slum zone with a monthly income of≤$20 (Canadian) (group I) and 88 subjects resided in a low income area with a monthly income≤$170 (Canadian) (group II). In group I, the mean haemoglobin (Hb) concentration was significantly lower (P<0.01) than that of group II. However mean values for other biochemical indices, including serum total protein and albumin, haematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), total iron-bonding capacity (TIBC) and transferrin saturation, did not differ between the groups and were within acceptable normal limits. The distribution of these values revealed that group I elderly were at greater risk than group II. Pearson correlation coefficients for group I showed significant relationships between: Hb and serum iron; serum iron and TIBC (a negative correlation); and TIBC and serum albumin (a positive correlation). Results of this study indicate that group I very poor slum dwellers were at greater risk of protein and iron deficiencies than low income group II elderly.

ISSN:0963-7486    

DOI:10.3109/09637489409166165

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Two germplasms of the tribal pulse,Canavalia gladiatacollected from Kalakad Wildlife Sanctuary and Mundanthurai Wildlife Sanctuary, Tamil Nadu and another tribal pulse,Canavalia ensiformis, collected from Mullai Nagar, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu were analysed for proximate composition, mineral composition, seed protein fractions, amino acid profiles, fatty acids and antinutritional factors. The investigated seed materials contained higher amounts of crude protein, crude fat and energy content when compared with most of the commonly consumed Indian pulses. The seeds were found to be a rich source of minerals such as Na, K and Ca. Albumin and globulin fractions constituted the major bulk of seed proteins. Seed proteins of the investigated samples contained essential amino acids such as isoleucine, leucine and tyrosine in higher concentrations. Nonetheless valine and the sulphur-containing amino acids occurred in lower amounts when compared with the WHO/FAO (1973) recommended pattern. The seed lipids of the investigated samples contained higher amounts of the essential fatty acids, linoleic and linolenic, when compared withCajanus cajanandGlycine max.The total free phenols, tannins, L-DOPA (3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) and haemagglutinating activity were also analysed or assayed.

ISSN:0963-7486    

DOI:10.3109/09637489409166166

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Five coating materials (paraffin oil, starch, gelatin, dextrin and formaldehyde-urea polymer) have been selected to seal the eggshells of eggs laid by white Balady hens (a native Egyptian breed). The uncoated and coated eggs were stored at room temperature (30±2d`C) and in a refrigerator (5±1d`C), and periodically examined microbiologically and chemically. The number of total microorganisms located on the outer surface of uncoated and coated eggs was slightly increased with increasing the storage period up to 30 days. Thereafter, a decrease occurred on the total microbial count from 30 to 60 days in all cases except in eggs coated with gelatin. On the other hand, no bacterial growth was detected in the whole internal egg constituents. The chemical parameters (acid value, free amino acids, total reducing sugars and hydrogen sulfide) were generally increased with time during storage of uncoated eggs at room temperature. The mode of reaction type, i.e. gradual increase or an autocatalytic, for the production of free fatty and amino acids, mono- and oligosaccharides and hydrogen sulfide was entirely dependent upon the storage temperature (30 d`C or 5 d`C). Sensory scores for the uncoated and coated eggs during storage were in accordance with the data of hydrogen sulfide. Storing eggs in a refrigerator and coating minimised the increase of these values considerably. In general, paraffin oil was the superior coating material for maintaining egg quality.

ISSN:0963-7486    

DOI:10.3109/09637489409166167

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

For developing countries only limited information is available on nutritive composition of foods in general and of gathered foods in particular. This paper presents the nutritive composition and nutritional quality of wild gathered foods from Malian Gourma. Important wild staples used by nomads were collected in the dry season. The samples included grains ofCenchrus biflorusandPanicum laetum, green leaves of theMaerua crassifoliaand roots ofNymphaea lotus. C. biflorushad the highest concentrations of protein (22.1%), fat (7.3%) and gross energy (1880 kJ/100 g). Among the fractions ofP. laetumthe dehusked grains were richest in protein (12.4%), total carbohydrates (82.1%) and gross energy (1630 kJ/100 g). The first limiting amino acid, irrespective of the fraction of the grains, was lysine. The biological studies of the protein quality confirmed the findings in chemical analysis and calculations of chemical scores. Both methods, the calculations of chemical scores and of biological values, gave results showing that the grains ofC. biflorusandP. laetumhad low protein quality. The net effect of boiling the wild grains did not improve protein quality. As a source of available high quality protein boiled leaves ofM. crassifoliahad higher quality than wild gathered grains, andC. biflorushad higher quality than the fractions ofP. laetum.Roots of water lilies, theN. lotus, were found to have a balanced amino acid composition. In order to improve the protein quality the wild gathered grains need to be supplemented or combined with other foods rich in lysine. Milk, an important food in the area, is a good source of lysine. Prepared green leaves ofM. crassifoliaand roots ofN. lotusseem to be of high nutritional quality and may also be recommended to improve the nutritional quality of diets dependent on gathered and cultivated grains.

ISSN:0963-7486    

DOI:10.3109/09637489409166168

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The nutritional composition of palmryah seed shoots (Borassus flabellifer) which is widely consumed in Sri Lanka was studied. It appears to be a good source of carbohydrate and fibre but is limited in both fat and protein. Its micronutrient composition shows it to be a valuable source of calcium, magnesium and iron. Further research is needed to exploit its full potential and the likely toxicants that may influence its extensive consumption.

ISSN:0963-7486    

DOI:10.3109/09637489409166169

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The interest of nutritionists and epidemiologists in Mediterranean dietary profiles derives from a large body of evidence relating them to a substantially reduced risk of cancer and of ischaemic heart disease. The aim of this paper is to describe the current composition of the Mediterranean diet and its unique aspects, through the analysis of geographical trends in European dietary profiles. Analyses of updated data from national‘food balance sheets’show differences in availability of some plant foods between northern and southern Europe. More appropriate data from dietary surveys on representative population samples allow the diet currently consumed in southern Italy to be compared in detail with that of northern Italy and of the UK. The analyses portray olive oil, wine and fruit-vegetables as being still the key foods characterising the Mediterranean diet as opposed to other European diets. These plant foods appear to be particularly rich in nutrient and non-nutrient antioxidants and may contribute to the persistence of health protective attributes of the current Mediterranean diet.

ISSN:0963-7486    

DOI:10.3109/09637489409166170

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A study was conducted on lifestyle and its consequence in the distribution of cardiovascular risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD) in a population of 200 employees of a Rome-based governmental office. The following CHD risk factors were identified: sex, age, serum cholesterol, blood pressure, obesity, smoking habits and lack of physical exercise. The percentage distribution of risk factors in the sample was as follows: serum cholesterol: 30%; blood pressure: 19%; obesity: 9%; lack of exercise: 75%; smoking: 39%. The average daily energy intake was 9.71 MJ (2324 kcal), higher than this population's established requirements; the protein intake was also found to be high, due to excessive consumption of animal foods. In females, a positive correlation was observed between serum cholesterol and age, serum lipids and percentage of fat mass; in males, a correlation was observed with serum lipids and triglycerides. No significant correlations were observed between risk factors, with the exception of a marked connection of serum cholesterol with age in females.

ISSN:0963-7486    

DOI:10.3109/09637489409166171

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor