ISSN:0883-9514    

DOI:10.1080/088395198117541

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1998

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In this article, socially intelligent agents (SIAs) are understood to be agents that do not only from an observer point of view behave socially but that are able to recognize and identify other agents and establish and maintain relationships to other agents. The process of building SI As is influenced by what the human as the designer considers “social,” and conversely, agent tools that are behaving socially can influence human conceptions of sociality. A cognitive technology (CT) approach toward designing SIAs affords an opportunity to study the process of(1) how new forms of interactions and functionalities and use of technology can emerge at the human-tool interface, (2) how social agents can constrain their cognitive and social potential, and (3) how social agent technology and human (social) cognition can co-evolve and co-adapt and result in new forms of sociality. Agent-human interaction requires a cognitive fit between SI A technology and the human-in-the-loop as designer of, user of and participant in social interactions. Aspects of human social psychology, e.g., storytelling, empathy, embodiment, and historical and ecological grounding, can contribute to a believable and cognitively well-balanced design of SI A technology in order to further the relationship between humans and agent tools. It is hoped that approaches to believability based on these concepts can avoid the “shallowness” that merely takes advantage of the anthropomorphizing tendency in humans. This approach is put into the general framework of Embodied Artificial Life (EAL) research. The article concludes with a terminology and list of guidelines useful for SI A design.

ISSN:0883-9514    

DOI:10.1080/088395198117550

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1998

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This article investigates fundamental requirements of an architectural framework on which social intelligence could be developed and proposes the self-biased (SB) conditioning scheme as a basis for development of social intelligence. The objective of SB conditioning is to develop a set of secondary responses in a social context. SB conditioning requires two kinds of components: a set of primary response networks and an associative memory. A primary response network is unique in this conditioning scheme. It includes three types of components: an activation node, an expectation node, and a motor center. This network, by its expectation node, presupposes an involvement by others, in a social context, and therefore it can be a basis of social intelligence. A few examples of social intelligence are shown with this SB conditioning scheme: “eagle alarm” call learning, attachment behavior, and sympathetic coupling. The topic of situated personal assistance is also introduced in relation to the proposed scheme.

ISSN:0883-9514    

DOI:10.1080/088395198117569

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1998

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In this article, we discuss the meaning of personality and its role in socially intelligent multiagent systems. After examining the reasons behind the current trend toward endowing software agents with personality, we introduce our notion of personality as a combination of traits and attitudes. We characterize what we consider to he two basic elements of any cooperation activity (delegationandhelp), and we show how they can be diversified in relation to the agent's level of autonomy and cooperativeness. We then describe how we formalize these forms of delegation and help, in GOLEM, a multiagent cooperation testbed, and we outline how these traits and attitudes can be organized into reasonable personalities and interesting interactive situations. Finally, we show how, in GOLEM, these traits and attitudes are involved in deciding what to do proactively or in response to other agents' social action, and in reasoning about other agents' minds.

ISSN:0883-9514    

DOI:10.1080/088395198117578

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1998

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

An approach to modeling boundedly rational agents is described. This approach uses the parallel evolution of a population of mental models for each agent based on the genetic programming paradigm. Then some of the characteristics one would expect of a society of agents (as opposed to a collection of interacting agents) is argued for. These include the ability to identify, model, and communicate with specific other agents in a heterogeneous way. An example model is described, which extends Brian Arthurs' “El Farol Bar” model with learning and communication. The model allows the co-evolution of the agents' populations of models. The results are then analyzed to show the differentiation that results between the agents. A specific case study of the situation at the end of the simulation is then examined in depth. This indicates that some of the problems in analyzing human communication will also occur with such models and that explanations based on Wittgensteinian language games and use in practice may be most appropriate.

ISSN:0883-9514    

DOI:10.1080/088395198117587

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1998

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This paper proposes a neural architecture for a robot in order to learn how to imitate a sequence of movements performed by another robot or by a human. The main idea is that the imitation process does not need to be given to the system but can emerge from a misinterpretation of the perceived situation at the level of a simple sensory-motor system. The robot controller is based on a Perception-Action (PerAc) architecture. This architecture allows an autonomous robot to learn by itself sensory-motor associations with a delayed reward. Here, we show how the same architecture can also be used by a “student” robot to learn to imitate another robot, allowing the student robot to discover by itself solutions to a particular problem or to learn from another robot what to do. We discuss the difficulty linked to the segmentation of the actions to imitate. This imitation problem is demonstrated by a task of learning a sequence of movements and their precise timing. Another interesting aspect of this work is that the neural network (NN) used for sequence learning is directly inspired from a brain structure named the hippocampus and mainly involved in memory processes (Banquetet al., 1997). We discuss the importance of imitation processes for the understanding of our high-level cognitive abilities linked to self-recognition and to the recognition of the other as something similar to me.

ISSN:0883-9514    

DOI:10.1080/088395198117596

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1998

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In the Intelligent Robotics Laboratory at Vanderbilt University, we seek to develop service robots with a high level of social intelligence and interactivity. In order to achieve this goal, we have identified two main issues for research. The first issue is how to achieve a high level of interaction between the human and the robot. This has lead to the formulation of our philosophy of Human Directed Local Autonomy (HuDL), a guiding principle for research, design, and implementation of service robots. The motivation for integrating humans into a service robot system is to take advantage of human intelligence and skill. Human intelligence can be used to interpret robot sensor data, eliminating computationally expensive and possibly error-prone automated analyses. Human skill is a valuable resource for trajectory and path planning as well as for simplifying the search process. In this article, we present our plans for integrating humans into a service robot system. We present our paradigm for human-robot interaction, HuDL. The second issue is the general problem of system integration, with a specific focus on integrating humans into the service robotic system. This work has lead to the development of the Intelligent Machine Architecture (IMA), a novel software architecture that has been specifically designed to simplify the integration of the many diverse algorithms, sensors, and actuators necessary for socially intelligent service robots. Our testbed system is described, and some example applications of HuDL for aids to the physically disabled are given. An evaluation of the effectiveness of the IMA is also presented.

ISSN:0883-9514    

DOI:10.1080/088395198117604

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1998

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0883-9514    

DOI:10.1080/088395198117613

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1998

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0883-9514    

DOI:10.1080/10876545.1998.10399455

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1998

数据来源: Taylor