ISSN:0275-5408    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-1313.1986.tb01131.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-5408    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-1313.1986.tb01132.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract—Corneal endothelium plays a vital role in maintaining corneal transparency. We describe here a newin vitrotechnique for detecting acute effects of ocular drugs on corneal endothelium from animal species and post‐mortem human tissue. The technique is based upon trans‐endothelial electrical activity and leads as a consequence, to rapid, unambiguous, quantitative assessments of pharmacological effects upon endothelial barrier function and fluid pump act

ISSN:0275-5408    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-1313.1986.tb01133.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract—The time course for the development of binocular vision is similar to the time course for the development of mature, symmetrical, monocular optokinetic nystagmus in response to movements of the visual field in the nasalward or temporalward direction. If binocular vision does not develop normally, then the monocular optokinetic response remains immature, or asymmetric. This paper examines the connection between the development of symmetrical OKN and binocular vision, and relates how disturbances in visual development affect the ability of postural reflex eye movements to adapt to changes in the visual environmen

ISSN:0275-5408    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-1313.1986.tb01134.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstracts—The accommodative responses of early‐onset myopes, late‐onset myopes, emmetropes and hyperopes were measured over a range of 5 dioptres using an objective infra‐red autorefractor. Differences were found between the four refractive groups, with hyperopes accommodating more for near targets than emmetropes, followed by early‐onset myopes then late‐onset myopes. Moreover a strong correlation between the accommodative response gradient and refractive error was found, suggesting that hyperopes accommodate more to a particular target than do emmetropes or myopes. The results are interpreted in the context of a dual innervation to the cil

ISSN:0275-5408    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-1313.1986.tb01135.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstracts—Previous experiments have shown that as the adaptive change becomes more complete with prolonged wear of a prism, the adaptive decay during monocular occlusion (MO) becomes slower; at the same time, adaptation to a further prism disparity becomes faster. If phoria is an adapted position of the oculomotor system then, as with prism adaptation, it should demonstrate an adaptive decay during MO. The rate of this decay should be inversely related to the rate of adaptation to a prism. In the first part of the paper, changes in the horizontal and vertical phorias were demonstrated at distance and near during 4 hr of MO. In the second part, adaptation to various prism disparities (horizontal and vertical) was monitored. The rates of adaptation were found to be inversely related to the rates of phoria decay during MO. The phoria position is, therefore, an adapted position of the vergence syste

ISSN:0275-5408    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-1313.1986.tb01136.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstracts—The responses of 455 male subjects on both editions of the City University Colour Vision Tests (City 1 and City 2) were recorded after the establishment of each subject's criterial status using the Nagel anomaloscope. Based on the Information Theory, each plate was assigned a contributory weighted score to the total test score. Using informational analysis, a cut‐off point in test score separating normals and defectives was also determined for each test. This scoring system is an improvement on the existing (or manufacturer's) system. The analysis has also shown that the second edition (City 2) is a considerable improvement on the first (City 1). Despite this, even the improved City 2, like its origin, the D‐15, is shown to be poorer than most of the commonly used PIC

ISSN:0275-5408    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-1313.1986.tb01137.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstracts—Contrast sensitivity was measured in 10 children aged from 3 to 11 years using 4 psychophysical techniques in order to establish the best method of measurement for clinical use. Of the four methods, staircase, ascending continuous, modified Von Bekesy and two‐alternate forced‐choice, the staircase was selected as the most appropriate clinical technique and monocular contrast sensitivity functions of normal children were mea

ISSN:0275-5408    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-1313.1986.tb01138.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstracts—The cerebral representation of peripheral sensory surfaces is strictly ordered. In the case of the visual system, the scale of the cortical representation of visual space is non‐linear: the area devoted to the fovea is greatly enlarged. Attempts have been made to quantify this retino‐cortical relationship in animals and man: the result is the cortical magnification factor (M) which indicates the linear distance in mm along the striate cortex concerned with each degree of the visual field. The cortical magnification factor has indicated an alternative approach both to the theoretical interpretation of visual processing and to the clinical aspects of visual field examination. ByM‐scaling vision test stimuli, visual sensitivity, while quantitatively different at foveal and peripheral projections, remains qualitatively similar across the entir

ISSN:0275-5408    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-1313.1986.tb01139.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstracts—A sample population of myopes with an initial correction of 2 DS or more is extracted from the longitudinal sample of ametropes reported by Saunders (1986). The myopes are partitioned by means of cluster analysis and, as a result, three distinct groups of myopes are identified. The time/regression equations which best describe the groups are stated. It is concluded that meaningful long‐term prognosis of medium and high myopes is unlikely and that reasonable prediction of short‐term trends requires at least two consecutive refraction data to determine the group allocation of a

ISSN:0275-5408    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-1313.1986.tb01140.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY