摘要:

AbstractA method is presented for people to determine if they know the fundamentals of the systems engineering process as applied to aerospace systems. After considering optional methods, a series of proctored tests with post test identification of incorrect answers was selected as the optimal approach. A systems engineering approach was taken to develop the test. The test was verified to meet performance, functional and design requirements using focus groups consisting of an aerospace firm's management and staff. Sample questions are provided.

ISSN:2334-5837    

DOI:10.1002/j.2334-5837.1995.tb01845.x

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe objective of the presentation is to discuss the Food and Drug Administration change to the Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) rules. The proposed changes have a direct relationship to and integration of System Engineering processes and methods. As systems become more complex, procedures must be followed that organize and discipline the structure of development. Design controls must be enacted that increase the safety and effectiveness of medical devices. The FDA is in the process of changing these rules so processes must be defined and followed. It also puts the FDA development and production requirements more in line with ISO 9000. As stated by FDA, ISO 9000 has been incorporated into the new rules, but the new rules go much further.As evidenced by the following, the processes that are being enacted by FDA are not new in structure or content, but emphasize the need for the engineering community to define the development and design processes and follow them. The objective of the presentation is to educate the system engineering community on the regulatory constraints that are being enacted by another government agency, the Food and Drug Administration. It is intended that the participant of the presentation will come away with an understanding that the FDA is enacting rules that directly apply to the system engineering process and disciplines associated with system design and development.

ISSN:2334-5837    

DOI:10.1002/j.2334-5837.1995.tb01846.x

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe describe how Systems Engineering (SE) can support our National Forests by applying SE methodology to creating a management plan for wilderness areas. We posit that a wilderness area is a large and complex system, and we are transferring a technology for engineering large complex systems to this new domain.The National Forest Service (NFS) has developed its own planning process, known as the Limits of Acceptable Change (LAC), for developing or upgrading wilderness areas management plans. We analyze the LAC process as a planning and management tool for the NFS and compare it to a tailored SE process.The key features in our SE are: (1) treating the wilderness as a system; (2) considering human use (recreational, business and educational) in balance with the natural characteristics, by incorporating a dual path process with one path for each; and (3) allowing a series of tradeoffs among alternates for the wilderness system management plan.

ISSN:2334-5837    

DOI:10.1002/j.2334-5837.1995.tb01847.x

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBudgetary considerations are forcing organizations to become more cost‐effective entities. Selected operations research techniques have been integrated into the Risk Constrained Optimized Maintenance Planning (RCOMP) tool to provide decision support for this process. The RCOMP tool allows for the exploration of tradeoffs between life cycle cost and total maintenance time and between net investment and total maintenance time for a system. The tool also facilitates the selection of the optimal mix of preventive and corrective maintenance as well as the most cost‐effective maintenance acquisition strat

ISSN:2334-5837    

DOI:10.1002/j.2334-5837.1995.tb01848.x

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWith new environmental laws and regulations come new requirements and responsibilities. It is the systems engineer's responsibility to establish and monitor these requirements. But the eruption of ever changing environmental laws has escalated the systems engineer's requirement duties to an almost unmanageable level. To help meet the multitudes of environmental specifications, the systems engineer has a need for environmental compliance tools.

ISSN:2334-5837    

DOI:10.1002/j.2334-5837.1995.tb01849.x

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRapid Transit Railways have become complex and expensive safety critical systems involving a considerable range of technologies and a wide choice of implementations. Many of the older systems have now reached a stage at which renewals and frequently, further extensions have become essential in order to cope with the increasingly difficult commercial and legislative environment of the present and future. These tasks are far from trivial and as a consequence, an approach based on systems engineering has been evolved to deal with them. This paper covers aspects of a code of practice which has been developed in the context of the major renewal and extension projects.

ISSN:2334-5837    

DOI:10.1002/j.2334-5837.1995.tb01850.x

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) and its Federally Funded Research and Development Center, the Center for Nuclear Waste Regulatory Analyses (CNWRA) are streamlining the NRC high‐level radioactive waste (HLW) regulatory program by applying systems engineering (SE) techniques. This effort is partially in response to a statutory mandate requiring a licensing decision for construction of a geologic repository for HLW within three years after license application submission. The tailored use of SE presented herein has evolved from experience gained attempting to apply classical SE techniques to evaluating regulatory compliance. This compliance evaluation is made against the criterion of “reasonable assurance.” The resulting subjectivity prevents a clear definition of a requirements hierarchy and development of specifications. Efforts have been made to streamline the HLW program in the following areas: (i) definition of a regulatory structure for program execution, (ii) provision of regulatory guidance to the license applicant, (iii) provision of guidance to the NRC staff in the form of compliance determination strategies and methods, and (iv) establishment of criteria to support prioritization of technical and regulatory

ISSN:2334-5837    

DOI:10.1002/j.2334-5837.1995.tb01851.x

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) is a joint United States and Japan observatory program that will conduct systematic measurements of tropical rainfall required for major strides in weather and climatic research. The TRMM satellite is scheduled for launch in August 1997 aboard a Japanese H‐II rocket. Although significantly along in the requirements development process, a decision was made in June 1994 to initiate an automated computer‐based requirements tracking and verification system. The automated computer‐based system facilitated the task of insuring all top‐level system requirements were properly addressed in subsystem level documentation and subsequently verified through uniquely identifiable verification activities.The Requirements Tracking System (RTS), a PARADOX for Windows based relational data base tool for managing project requirements, was chosen due to its low cost, flexibility, and favorable use on other Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) projects. Considerable time was invested creating the initial data base. The four step process involved electronically importing existing requirements specifications, isolating and classifying each requirement, allocating top‐level requirements to subsystems, and establishing the child‐parent relationship between each requirement. The completed data base helped to identify top‐level requirements without corresponding subsystem requirements (childless parents) and subsystem requirements without corresponding parents (orphans). Each requirement was addressed individually to insure total traceability of TRMM project requirements.In order to insure that each requirement developed for the in‐house designed and built TRMM satellite was addressed by subsystem designers, spacecraft performance requirements verification matrices were developed. At the subsystem level, specific test procedures, analyses, and demonstration/inspection activities were tied to each subsystem requirement. Subsystem level verification activities were then used to assess the design implementation(s) selected for top‐level space segment requirements. The verification matrices will be used during upcoming verification activities to insure compliance with requirements as well as analyze potential implications of non‐complia

ISSN:2334-5837    

DOI:10.1002/j.2334-5837.1995.tb01852.x

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSystems engineering techniques, especially requirements collection and management, are well described in the literature but appropriate methods of determining and documenting operator requirements are not as widely discussed. The Canadian Airspace System (CAS) is a large, complex systems engineering task. This paper discusses the methods used by Transport Canada to elicit, review, discuss and document the operating concepts for the future evolution of the CAS.

ISSN:2334-5837    

DOI:10.1002/j.2334-5837.1995.tb01853.x

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe DOE Systems Engineering effort is in the “Hot Seat” at the Hanford Nuclear Site. Hanford has been designated as the site at which the Systems Engineering approach for all DOE will be developed. Conditions are excellent for a major success or failure. Given that DOE does not have a standard in place defining Systems Engineering, and that the number of people with knowledge of Systems Engineering is limited, an overwhelming success will be difficult to come by.This paper describes the approach taken by the DOE Retrieval, Treatment and Immobilization (RTI) Division Systems Engineering group to overcome the odds against success and implement Systems Engineering at the Hanford facil

ISSN:2334-5837    

DOI:10.1002/j.2334-5837.1995.tb01854.x

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY