ISSN:0947-076X    

DOI:10.1002/vipr.19950070202

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0947-076X    

DOI:10.1002/vipr.19950070203

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe use of plastic as a substrate material for optical lenses has been increasing in importance due to smaller density, simpler machining and lower price. However scratches present a major problem wherever the lens surface is exposed to the environment. Various processes have thus been developed to protect the surfaces with hard coatings. The most common technique is the dipping process while spinning or spraying are other methodsto apply lacquer. Common to all these techniques are the required post treatments such as drying and heat or UV curing. Safety considerations as well as the long processing time and the handling required between the different steps, gave rise to the development of new technologies. Plasma polymerization, a technology relying on plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), is used to deposit dense organic layers with reproducible, well defined surface properties. In contrast to dip coating, plasma polymerization even coats strongly curved structures with good uniformity. This is important for bifocal or trifocal lenses, featuring sharp edges on the surface. Due to the wide range of refraction indexes (about n = 1.5–1.8) available by using different monomers, even the latest high index materials can be coated without disturbing interference fringes. After a survey of plasma polymerization basics, some aspects of industrial equipment and processes for ophthalmic applications are presented. An outlook into the future of plasma polymerization for optical applications concludes the pape

ISSN:0947-076X    

DOI:10.1002/vipr.19950070204

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn den letzten Jahrzehnten ist die quantitative Bestimmung von Oberflächenstrukturen zu einem wichtigen und interessanten Gebiet der Festkörperphysik geworden. Eine der leistungsfähigsten Methoden dieser Oberflächenkristallographie ist die Beugung langsamer Elektronen (Low Energy Electron Diffraction= LEED). Mittels Analyse von LEED‐Bildern und ‐Intensitäten können Gestalt und Größe der Oberflächeneinheitszelle, der Ordnungszustand und der atomare Aufbau bestimmt werden. Hochentwickelte Videomeßtechniken erlauben eine schnelle und verläßliche Datenaufnahme. Die dynamische Analyse der Intensitäten, die die Vielfachstreuung der Elektronen berücksichtigt, liefert den strukturellen Aufbau der Oberfläche mit einer Genauigkeit

ISSN:0947-076X    

DOI:10.1002/vipr.19950070205

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA new dry‐compressing vacuum pump which has been specifically developed for chemistry applications and which operates without inner compression, is presented to the engineer active in the area of chemical process engineering, as well as the users of vacuum technology in chemical plants. The economic and ecological advantages of this new vacuum pump are demonstrated on the basis of a real example.Moreover, the potential advantages offered by dry‐compressing vacuum pump in the area of process engineering, are discus

ISSN:0947-076X    

DOI:10.1002/vipr.19950070206

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEs wird der Versuch einer geschlossenen Darstellung der Dünnen Schichten in der Optik gemacht. Dabei werden neben reflexmindernden auch reflexerhöhende Schichten, sowie Filter‐ und Sonderschichten analytisch oder an Beispielen beschrieben. Das optische Glas, als besonders vielfältiges und nuancenreiches Substrat, wird mit in die Betrachtung einbez

ISSN:0947-076X    

DOI:10.1002/vipr.19950070207

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0947-076X    

DOI:10.1002/vipr.19950070208

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0947-076X    

DOI:10.1002/vipr.19950070209

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe influence of adsorbed gases on the pressure reading of the axial emission ionization gauge according to CHEN and SUEN [1] was investigated in the UHV pressure range. The anodes of the investigated gauges were made from molybdenum and platinum. After exposure to argon, nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen the ion current versus time characteristic was determined during pumpdown. The pressure reading of the axial emission gauge was compared with the readings of a commercial Bayard‐Alpert gauge and an extractor gauge. After exposure to oxygen the gauge with the Mo‐anode showed the largest deviation of the pressure readings of the gauges, while the gauge with Pt‐anode showed strong deviations after oxygen and hydrogen exp

ISSN:0947-076X    

DOI:10.1002/vipr.19950070210

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0947-076X    

DOI:10.1002/vipr.19950070211

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY