ISSN:0023-8333    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-1770.1988.tb00406.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Determining what reading comprehension questions actually measure is difficult to ascertain objectively. Facet theory and design suggest a means to define operationally what a given item measures by studying how an item is related to textually or nontextually based information. Three facets or structs (the form of information [explicit or implicit], the source of information [text or nontext], and the frequency with which the information appeared in the text) were entered into regression equations to determine how much variance the structs accounted for in the item scores from ESL reading comprehension tests from different levels of proficiency. The results suggested that the facets were differentially related to the item scores at different levels of proficiency.Further true experimental research is suggested using the facet design to study the effects of the structs and to provide useful diagnostic information in terms of a typology of items that readers answered correctly and incorrectly.

ISSN:0023-8333    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-1770.1988.tb00407.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The televised pre‐election debate, first instituted during the Nixon‐Kennedy campaign in 1960, has since been adopted by virtually all Western Democracies. In Israel, the first televised debate took place in 1977 between M. Begin and S. Peres, who met before the cameras once again four years later. A third such debate took place in 1984, this time between S. Peres and I. Shamir.The increasing presence of the mass media in the political system diverts attention from politicians' deeds to their verbal behavior. The televised debate is a most reliable means of documenting the verbal behavior of political candidates, notwithstanding the constraints imposed on such behavior by the medium and the format.In this paper, the author attempts to analyze the communicative setting of the debate within the Israeli format. Stylistic features of the candidates' discourse are studied, beginning with a review of some salient characteristics of persuasive discourse in general. While identifying and comparing rhetorical strategies of the candidates in three debates, the question is asked whether the differences are personal or perhaps stem from the ideologies of the political movements represented by the contenders.The following stylistic and rhetorical features are described, using statistical and qualitative analysis: figurative expressions and intensifiers, irony and rhetorical questions, repetition and parallelism, meta‐discoursive com

ISSN:0023-8333    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-1770.1988.tb00408.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Based on the hypothesis that students who are less able to comprehend speech in a foreign language suffer from greater echoic memory interference, faculty evaluated the listening comprehension of students in several introductory foreign language courses. The evaluations were used to assign students to weaker and stronger comprehension groups. Both groups were tested for echoic memory interference using the standard suffix procedure in which a list of digits is read with either a tone control, or a suffixrecall, appended to the end of the list. Echoic interference is measured by comparing the recall performance in the suffix and nonsuffix (tone) conditions. Poorer recall of terminal digits in lists in the suffix condition, as compared to the nonsuffix condition, indicates echoic interference. The results were consistent with our hypothesis, suggesting that students with weaker listening comprehension depend more upon vulnerable sensory codes in echoic memory, while those with better comprehension rely on stable higher‐order code

ISSN:0023-8333    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-1770.1988.tb00409.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The focus of this study is the question: Is there evidence of a universal preference for the open syllable in Interlanguage (IL) phonology? The subjects are two Vietnamese speakers and the data consist of recordings of the subjects in informal conversation first in the IL and then in the native language (NL). An error analysis conducted on the IL data was restricted to the subjects' attempts at target language words most similar in syllable structure to words in the NL, monosyllabic words ending in postvocalic [p t k m n η]. The findings give limited support for the hypothesis that a universal preference for the open syllable is a shaping force in IL phonology independent of the process of NL transfer but also indicate the importance of the preceding vocalic context in the NL transfer processes, and the overall importance in IL research of gathering NL data comparable to the IL data, as the subjects' NL data proved crucial in shaping the findings of this study

ISSN:0023-8333    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-1770.1988.tb00410.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper will discuss the claim that attention to linguistic accuracy and/or instruction in grammar is necessary for early stage learners. The arguments for afocus on formrevolve around three recurring topics or themes: fossilization, improved language performance, and the role of error correction. The paper will conclude that research evidence to date does not suggest that a focus on form is either necessary or beneficial to early stage learners. Nonetheless, it will be suggested that there is room for more research and that research on the effects of a focus on form might best be conducted in a foreign language context and not a second language context.

ISSN:0023-8333    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-1770.1988.tb00411.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0023-8333    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-1770.1988.tb00412.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviews in this article:Language, Literacy, and Culture: Issues of Society and Schooling, edited by Judith A. Langer.Earl W. Stevick,Images and Options in the Language Classroom.

ISSN:0023-8333    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-1770.1988.tb00413.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0023-8333    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-1770.1988.tb00414.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0023-8333    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-1770.1988.tb00415.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY