摘要:

The paper reports on an exploratory study on FL learners’comprehension of speech acts and discourse functions, referred to as pragmatic comprehension. On the basis of a frame‐theoretical approach, some theoretical assumptions and empirical findings about L1 pragmatic comprehension are discussed. These are used as a framework for analyzing two types of learners’pragmatic misunderstandings: their failure to distinguish between phatic talk and referential talk, and their failure to identify the intended illocutionary force of indirect speech acts. The data analysis indicates that the learners (a) rely too heavily on bottom‐up processing, (b) do not make sufficient use of illocutionary force indicating devices, (c) have problems in activating frames relevant in the given context, and (d) have too little flexibility for frame shift if incoming data are incompatible with a currently active higher‐order frame. Some implications for FL teaching are

ISSN:0023-8333    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-1770.1984.tb00349.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper first reviews recent research on evaluating second language learners’writing skills. It then discusses research on a categorical instrument for evaluating compositions written by upper intermediate university ESL students. The form of the instrument used in this study included five equally weighted criteria for scoring: (1) Organization, (2) Logical Development of Ideas, (3) Grammar, (4) Mechanics, and (5) Style. An experiment was conducted under controlled conditions in which ten raters scored fifty randomly selected compositions. Regression analysis and generalizability theory were used for investigating the reliability of the instrument. In addition, information was obtained from the raters as to their reactions to the instrument. The results indicate that the scoring instrument is moderately reliable. More useful, perhaps, is the demonstration provided of the effects on reliability of changing the number of raters and/or criteria. The paper concludes with a discussion of the issues involved (both with this particular instrument and with analytic scoring systems in general) and of possible future research on the evaluation of nonnative speakers’writ

ISSN:0023-8333    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-1770.1984.tb00350.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study investigates syllable structure in the interlanguages of two Vietnamese learners of English. An analysis of conversational data sampled at three points over a ten‐month period shows first language transfer in three areas: (1) a preference for the closed syllable in the modification of English syllable‐final consonant clusters, (2) greater difficulty in the production of syllable‐final than syllable‐initial clusters, and (3) negligible use of vowel epenthesis as a syllable modification strategy. These results are interpreted as disconfirmation of the hypothesized universal preference for the open syllable and of the hypothesized prevalence of epenthesis as a syllable modification strategy in interlanguage

ISSN:0023-8333    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-1770.1984.tb00351.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

With the aim of improving foreign or second language learning, this study tested various ways of combining visual and auditory inputs of messages, using subjects’L1 and/or L2. Subjects were English‐speaking (L1) elementary school pupils with advanced training in French (L2). Matched subgroups were assigned to particular treatment conditions that ran for a ten‐week period. From earlier research, certain combinations were expected to enhance L2 comprehension over control conditions. As predicted, it was found thatreversed subtitling(a combination of dialogues in L1 and coordinated printed scripts in L2) andbimodal L2 input(a combination of coordinated dialogues and scripts both in L2) are both especially promising devices for second or foreign language learning and for enhancing comprehension of verbal information. Practical, theoretical, and pedagogical implications of the research are disc

ISSN:0023-8333    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-1770.1984.tb00352.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Studies of pidginization have often characterized the minimal nonnative linguistic systems that result from the process of pidginization in negative terms, as theabsenceof morphosyntactic features of the native target language. Such negative definitions (1) fail to explain what pidgins are like and how they get that way and (2) fail to provide a means for describing and explaining continual linguistic development of nonnative interlanguage systems beyond the minimal skeletal systems characteristic of the earliest stage of interlanguage development.This paper suggests that one important principle of interlanguage construction can account for both minimal "pidginized" interlanguage systems and more developed interlanguage systems. The One to One Principle of interlanguage construction specifies that an interlanguage system should be constructed in such a way that an intended underlying meaning is expressed with one clear invariant surface form or construction. Evidence for this principle is drawn from recent second language acquisition research on Dutch, English, French, German, Spanish, and Swedish as second languages.

ISSN:0023-8333    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-1770.1984.tb00353.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0023-8333    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-1770.1984.tb00354.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0023-8333    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-1770.1984.tb00355.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

On Dialect: Social and Geographical Perspectives.P. Trudgill.Sociolinguistics: An Introduction to Language and Society.P. Trudgill.

ISSN:0023-8333    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-1770.1984.tb00356.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0023-8333    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-1770.1984.tb00357.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY