ISSN:0962-1067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2702.1994.tb00407.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0962-1067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2702.1994.tb00408.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary•Recent sociological research in the field of lay health and illness beliefs is reviewed and discussed in the light of nursing practice in health promotion.•How the findings might deepen nurses' understanding of difficulties in adhering to desired health behaviours is outlined.•The distinctions between ‘public’ and ‘private’ accounts of health, the ‘taken‐for‐grantedness’ of health, the emotive nature of health and the difficulty of accessing ‘unpolluted’ lay views of health is considered. The implications for nurses working in health promotion are discussed.•There is a need for further research into the relationship between health beliefs and behaviour, the health beliefs of various groups within society and a need to examine how heal

ISSN:0962-1067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2702.1994.tb00409.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary•Gram‐negative bacteria arc responsible for a high proportion of nosocomial infections, particularly among the critically ill and those in hospital for long periods.•Colonization (asymptomatic carriage on the skin) occurs before the emergence of overt clinical infection (appearance of the signs and symptoms of disease) and is therefore worth reducing.•Spread is principally via the hands of staff, so handwashing is the chief method of prevention.•Gram‐negative bacteria survive best in a moist environment and arc more readily transferred via damp than dry surfaces; hands and equipment should therefore be kept as dry as possible.•Good skin care can also help prevent cross‐infection as Gram‐negative bacteria colonize damaged skin more readily than if it is

ISSN:0962-1067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2702.1994.tb00410.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary•Auditing nursing practice is a time‐consuming, error‐prone task.•Feedback to individuals is highly desirable but usually is not offered. This is particularly difficult in large‐scale studies.•In this study of 654 wards a new method was attempted. Structured questionnaires were analysed by a computer program and feedback reports generated automatically.•Informal evaluations by the initial recipients are positive and the method seems worthy of futur

ISSN:0962-1067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2702.1994.tb00411.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary•This 1‐year study tested the transferability of the Primary Care Facilitator model to the hospital setting, and was designed to assess and enhance existing hospital health‐promotion activity.•From work with nurses on three wards in an acute general hospital, the Primary Health Care model was found to be appropriate for the hospital setting.•There were demonstrable changes in attitudes to health promotion and an increase in health‐promotion activity. It now appears appropriate to evaluate the role of the hospital health‐promotion facilitator on a wider basis.•Areas for further research, beyond the scope of this particular project, should be the quality of the health‐promotion activity and exploration of factors that encourage or inhibit utilization of health‐prom

ISSN:0962-1067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2702.1994.tb00412.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary•This article reports on one aspect of a phenomenological study of everyday experience in nursing and how it contributes to the development of nursing expertise.•The study was carried out with 10 ‘excellent, experienced’ surgical ward sisters in two Scottish teaching hospitals.•The ward sisters were found to help individual patients towards recovery by making the ward work for all.•When moment‐by‐moment nursing practice, the context of nursing experience, is examined, it is found to be patient‐centred and complex, geared towards multi‐layered goals.•Three distinct yet inextricably intertwined processes–noticing, understanding and acting–characterize how nurses practise nursing. The quality of these processes contributes to the effectiveness of nurses' caring practices.•The ‘little things’ of nursing practice make a difference to patients because they are imbued w

ISSN:0962-1067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2702.1994.tb00413.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary•The telephone is an effective means of communication and its use is growing as a means of offering members of the public access to health‐care agencies for advice and support.•Acute hospital beds are at a premium and as lengths of stay in hospital continue to fall there is an increasing need for effective discharge planning and post‐discharge support.•Eighty‐five patients (58 men and 27 women) were interviewed over the telephone 1 week after discharge from a medical ward.•Over half of the patients reported health problems and one‐fifth reported social problems.•Almost half of the patients sought advice.•Telephone follow‐up would appear to be a useful means of monitoring a patient's progress and providing an opportunity for patients seeking, or nurses offerin

ISSN:0962-1067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2702.1994.tb00414.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary•It has been widely recognized that elderly patients with an orthopaedic problem are predisposed to developing heel pressure sores.•In this study four pressure‐reducing devices, commonly used in the prevention of heel ulcers, were objectively compared for their ability to decrease or remove pressure on the heels of patients with fractured necks of femurs and fractured femurs.•Forty‐one patients were randomly allocated a pressure relieving device. The efficacy of the device was evaluated by continuously assessing the skin integrity of both heels on a daily basis over a period of 12 days. Data were collected over a 30 month period.•The four devices were foam splints, eggshell foam, duoderm and heel protector boots. Foam splints and eggshell foam proved to be more effective devices in relieving pressure exerted on the heel.•This study recognizes that meticulous nursing care remains the critical clement in prevention of heel ulcers; however, the use of eggshell foam and foam splints in conjuction with this enhances the maintenance of s

ISSN:0962-1067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2702.1994.tb00415.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0962-1067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2702.1994.tb00416.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY