ISSN:0962-1067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2702.1996.tb00252.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary•Vignettes are simulations of real events which can be used in research studies to elicit subjects' knowledge, attitudes or opinions according to how they state they would behave in the hypothetical situation depicted.•Advantages associated with the use of vignettes as research tools include: the ability to collect information simultaneously from large numbers of subjects, to manipulate a number of variables at once in a manner that would not be possible in observation studies, absence of observer effect and avoidance of the ethical dilemmas commonly encountered during observation.•Difficulties include problems establishing reliability and validity, especially external validity.•This paper considers the advantages and disadvantages associated with the use of vignettes as data collection tools, concluding with a check‐list to help critique vignette

ISSN:0962-1067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2702.1996.tb00253.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary•Although most falls do not result in serious physical injury, they can contribute to a loss of confidence and mobility which can culminate in a significant reduction in quality of life. Furthermore, the potential to fall is often increased when an individual is institutionalized because of frailty or confusion.•The purpose of the study was, therefore, to establish whether a structured intervention would assist in preventing falls in an acute setting.•This pre‐test/post‐test study was carried out over a 12‐month period. Interventions included risk assessment, an alert system, reinforcing preventive actions, staff education and ongoing audits and feedback. Initial analysis of the data and comparison of fall rates indicated a significant reduction in the rate of falls between the pre‐ and post‐intervention phases, although subsequent statistical analysis did not identify any significant relationships.•It must be noted that no controls existed for extraneous variables, although patient profiles varied minimally during the period of the study.•Outcomes include: a reduction in fall numbers and rates, enhanced staff morale with ownership of the programme, provision of a learning experience for staff (on which to build), and the fostering of a professional approach to improving the qual

ISSN:0962-1067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2702.1996.tb00254.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary•The aim of this survey of community mental handicap nursing in Northern Ireland (NI) was, among other things, to construct a profile of clients of the service as well as to describe selected working practices.•A 25‐item questionnaire was developed and administered to all 50 community nurses working with people with learning disabilities in NI. The number of responses was 36, giving a rate of 72%.•Fifty‐six per cent of the clients were female. Young to middle‐aged adults made up the largest portion of the caseload. Over 80% of the clients had no history of hospital admission.•Caseload size also differed according to the years of service, gender and grade of the nurses. The main reason for visiting clients as reported by respondents was to give

ISSN:0962-1067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2702.1996.tb00255.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary•Self‐medication of oral drugs is not current practice on surgical wards.•We have introduced a system for suitable patients in which they give to themselves all their oral medication while in hospital. This was introduced in stages to gain the confidence of staff.•Many patients wish to self‐medicate; this system allows better use of the drugs that they bring into hospital from home; more appropriate timing when in hospital and speeds up discharge procedures, as the patient is already familiar with, and has a supply of, their drugs to

ISSN:0962-1067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2702.1996.tb00256.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary•As a result of rapid developments in medical technology, health‐care workers are increasingly faced with decisions regarding the prolongation of life and the withdrawal of treatment. Such decisions are often extremely complex and present a moral dilemma: they are further complicated by prevailing politico‐economic, social and cultural influences.•This article contrasts deontological and utilitarian philosophical perspectives, and discusses ethical principles which impinge on the decision making process.•A knowledge and understanding of these philosophies and principles are essential to assist clinical practitioners in the examination of moral issues surrounding life

ISSN:0962-1067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2702.1996.tb00257.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary•Health promotion is a mode of practice which is being increasingly examined by policymakers (DHSS, 1987; DoH, 1992).•Although practitioners are being required to screen people over 75 years of age and are exhorted to reduce accidents in the elderly by 33% between 1990 and 2005 (DoH, 1992), there is evidence that they do not value this sort of work (Pursey&Luker, 1993).•This paper looks at the findings from 178 interviews with people aged over 75 years, examining the importance of health and health promotion to the elderly.•Further to the work of Coxet al. (1987), it is clear that people aged over 75 years continue to engage in a wide variety of activities which are designed to keep or improve their health.•Elderly people's accounts of their health suggest that the real influence of social circumstances and environment must be assessed and planned for if health promotion activity is to have relevance and meaning to this group of people.•Evidence is presented which indicates that the elderly are a group of people who would welcome health‐promotion activity provided it is given in easily accessible forms.•The notion of client participation is highlighted as a difficult area, which is likely to require particular skill in working with elderly clients. In the light of these findings, practitioners may need to examine their own attitudes to their work w

ISSN:0962-1067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2702.1996.tb00258.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary•Audit and research are activities which have some characteristics in common and others which are rather different.•This paper presents working definitions of each process and then examines their attributes and interrelationships in some detail.•Areas covered include their purposes, what types of process they are, their theoretical bases, the methods used in each, sampling, the use of findings, confidentiality and the time frame of each.•If nurses are to use or undertake research and/or audit appropriately in their practice, it is important that the similarities and differences between the two ar

ISSN:0962-1067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2702.1996.tb00259.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary•Training for staff working with violent patients is frequently recommended, sometimes implemented, but rarely objectively evaluated.•In this longitudinal study 47 nurses attending a training day to learn strategies for coping with violent psychiatric patients were compared with 108 non‐attending control group subjects.•The rate of assaults on staff on wards taking part in the study was 31% lower after implementation of the training and wards sending a majority of staff to the training experienced a particularly significant reduction in assaults.•The effectiveness of this 1‐day training package i

ISSN:0962-1067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2702.1996.tb00260.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary•The questions ‘what is it that you want from nursing?’ and ‘how would you know when you have got what you want from nursing?’ were put to patients, nurses and other health professionals.•The patients identified essential qualities of nurses.•Problems within the nursing group are identified. The view of each group on the other's work is discussed.•Areas of consensus related to respect, communication, competence, co‐operation and context.•Indicators or measures of the consensus

ISSN:0962-1067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2702.1996.tb00261.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY