摘要:

We measured vision function in a number of 7-month-old infants with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and compared these findings to those for 7-month-old infants of normal birth weight. The IUGR infants had an average visual acuity of 6/162 (20/540) and an average spherical refractive error of 1.49 D hyperopia. The normal birth weight infants had an average visual acuity of 6/118.8 (20/396) and an average spherical refractive error of 0.94 D hyperopia. However, the differences between the infant groups for visual acuity and refractive error were not statistically significant. Anisometropia, astigmatism, and strabismus were infrequent for both infant groups. The results of this study suggest that IUGR infants have visual abilities resembling those of normal birth weight infants.

ISSN:0093-7002    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Changes in contrast sensitivity were monitored immediately before, during, and after 1 hour's soft lens wear. Soft lenses of three different center thicknesses, 0.03, 0.07, and 0.12 mm, were used. Results demonstrated a gradual reduction in contrast sensitivity during wear, with a faster but not instantaneous recovery after removal. An increase in soft lens center thickness caused a more pronounced loss of contrast sensitivity, with a slower recovery. The implications of this research on the various reasons put forward for the impairment of the contrast sensitivity function by soft lenses are discussed.

ISSN:0093-7002    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Four commonly prescribed low vision aids of equivalent power were evaluated to determine maximum reading speed of normally sighted young adults. Subjects tested were fully sighted and of similar educational backgrounds. Presentation of the four aids was designed to duplicate common clinical methods of evaluating these categories of aids. Limitations imposed under these conditions on reading speed by the optics of the four systems were determined. Maximum reading speed was attained with microscopes, followed by (in order) hand magnifiers, focusable telescopes, and stand magnifiers. Results have implications on clinicians' initial performance expectations for these categories of optical aids for patients having low vision.

ISSN:0093-7002    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The visual fields and intraocular pressures (IOP's) of 115 normal volunteers and 107 suspect/diagnosed early glaucoma subjects were recorded by Friedmann static perimetry and noncontact tonometry or applanation tonometry. The visual field data were analyzed statistically and quantified numerically by a microcomputer. The readings obtained from the suspect/diagnosed early glaucoma subjects were compared to those from an age-matched control group according to four criteria: (1) highest field score; (2) field score asymmetry; (3) highest IOP; and (4) IOP asymmetry. A combined field score and asymmetry analysis was found to be more sensitive, 86%, than a combined IOP and IOP asymmetry analysis, 56%. The combined field score and field score asymmetry analysis also gave a clear bimodal separation of subjects with early visual field defects from those with normal visual function.

ISSN:0093-7002    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The contrast sensitivity (CS) for a single edge appears to be a reliable indicator of the peak of the contrast sensitivity function (CSF). We propose that for general clinical practice and in the functional assessment of patients with low vision, the simple measurement of edge CS provides an adequate indicator of the peak of the CSF. We conducted a trial in which edge CS was measured in a routine clinic setting.

ISSN:0093-7002    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Can mobility performance be predicted from measures of vision function? This study addressed this question by measuring a series of vision variables including visual acuity, visual fields, and differential motion sensitivity in a group of patients with age-related maculopathy (ARM) and a group of age-matched normals. Mobility performance at three adaptation levels was determined objectively on an indoor course. The results indicate that for the patients with ARM, mobility variables can be predicted from measures of vision function, including differential velocity sensitivity, and that simple variables such as time taken to complete the course and average speed are those which relate best to vision.

ISSN:0093-7002    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The receptor path of an autonomous system is distinguished and the aims that could be achieved by preliminary modification of a carrier of information are discussed. Based on the discussion the receptor path is described as being informeffic if in the case of natural information carrier the structure of the receptor path is in the form that makes reception of information from surroundings and transmission to the processor most efficient. The kinds of informing, measurement of information, and visual system spaces of stimuli and of information are discussed. These resulted in formulation of the criterion of the visual system informeffia, and in the conclusions that correction procedures generally are designed to alter an existing aformeffic status of the visual system toward artificial informeffia and that the quantity of information can allow comparing efficiency of different correction procedures.

ISSN:0093-7002    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Previous controlled reliability studies of cup to disc (C/D) ratio estimations may have been biased by lack of criteria for cup determination, small sample size; and/or large interval grouping of collected data. In our study four examiners independently estimated the C/D ratios of 40 patients by direct ophthalmoscopy using a contour criterion for cup determination. Results indicated that 75% of the estimate pairs differed by 0.10 or less. Fewer than 14% of the estimate pairs differed by 0.2 or greater. The results of the study suggest that when examiners use a specified criterion of contour cupping, interexaminer assessment of the C/D ratio estimation is clinically and statistically reliable.

ISSN:0093-7002    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A 36-year-old male had been constantly wearing a patch to avoid diplopia since an operation on the right parietal area of the brain. Postsurgical visual field evaluation indicated a complete bilateral left hemianopia with macular splitting. The patient had a constant alternating comitant exotropia with no suppression. By terminating the patching, establishing the appropriate fixing eye, and applying relieving prisms, diplopia was removed. Once binocularity was thus established, it was found (over the course of 7 months) that binocular function was possible with diminishing amounts of prism power. During this 7-month period, measurements of the patient's heterophoria, motor fusion, and sensory fusion revealed that he adapted from his occlusion-induced exotropia toward an habitual heterophoria. Such vergence adaptation has been defined as orthophorization. The occurrence of vergence adaptation after sensory fusion indicates that sensory fusion plays an important role in the etiology of prism adaptation.

ISSN:0093-7002    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Data from 7569 maternal and child health histories and the vision assessment records of the children were analyzed to determine if exposure to various “risk factors” increased prevalence of ocular anomalies in those children who were exposed. The results indicate higher attributable risk (AR) and relative risk (RR) rates for a number of the factors studied including: maternal use of cigarettes, being born to mothers 19 years and younger at the time of the child's birth, having rubella or mumps between birth and 6 years of age, being male, and other factors. Moderate use of alcohol did not appear to increase the risk of having the visual anomalies. Knowledge of factors placing children visually at risk provides the possibility of prevention by reducing such risks as well as assisting in early detection and care of ocular anomalies.

ISSN:0093-7002    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID