摘要:

Human endogenous retrovirus HERV-K is present in 25–30 copies per haploid human genome. At least one of these loci is capable of producing full-length Gag protein, high amounts of which have been detected in germ cell tumors and derived cell lines. The latter display HERV-K Gag-encoded retroviral particles. Here, we employed the protein truncation test (PTT) in combination with a monochromosomal hybrid mapping panel to identify the human chromosomes harboring HERV-K gag genes with an open reading frame for Gag protein. Eight human chromosomes were found to contain intact HERV-K gag genes. PTT results were corroborated by partial sequencing of subregions from different HERV-K gag genes. The high number of HERV-K Gag open reading frames supports the idea of retroviral sequences retaining a biological benefit in the human genom

ISSN:1424-8581    

DOI:10.1159/000134614

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A high resolution karyotype was prepared using GBG-banded chromosomes from kidney epithelial cell lines of the Atlantic bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus. The karyotype was used to generate a banded ideogram of T. truncatus that will facilitate cytogenetic analyses essential for comparison of dolphin chromosomes with those of potentially related terrestrial vertebrates. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of the karyotype using a rodent (Geomys bursarius) 28S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) probe allowed localization of four nucleolar organizer (NOR) regions to the short arms of two chromosome pairs. FISH mapping, using DNA probes, is dependent on a pre-existing banded ideogram, and provides the means to initiate physical mapping of the dolphin genome.

ISSN:1424-8581    

DOI:10.1159/000134615

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We have generated a human subtelomere probe panel, utilizing well characterized CEPH YACs, for the investigation of human chromosome pathology and evolution through fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Region-specific FISH probes will be extremely valuable for detecting cytogenetically cryptic telomere abnormalities. Here, we present the first comparative mapping study (with 29 subtelomere probes and 6 chromosome paints) to the Old World monkey Presbytis cristαtα, followed by hybridizations to the great apes, gorilla and orangutan, when rearrangements were detected. We observed that the position of telomere-associated genomic sequences has been only moderately conserved during primate evolution. YAC 364f9, specific for the subtelomeric long arm of human chromosome 3, contains an evolutionary inversion breakpoint that was involved in independent chromosome rearrangements in P. cristαtα and gori

ISSN:1424-8581    

DOI:10.1159/000134616

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:1424-8581    

DOI:10.1159/000134617

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Using human and bovine short cDNA sequences as probes we screened human cosmid and P1 libraries for components of the complex I multi-subunit enzyme of oxidative phosphorylation. We isolated genomic recombinants encoding d-B8 (gene NDUFA2), d-B14 (gene NDUFA6), d-B14.5a (gene NDUFA7), cI-ASHI (gene NDUFB8) and d-23kD (gene NDUFS8). Genomic versions of these genes have not been previously cloned in the human although they are represented as anonymous entries in public cDNA databases. By using the derived genomic clones for in situ hybridisation studies we determined the following chromosome locations: NDUFA2, 5q31; NDUFA6, 21q22; NDUFA7, 20pl3; NDUFB8, 12q21; NDUFS8, 3q28.

ISSN:1424-8581    

DOI:10.1159/000134618

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:1424-8581    

DOI:10.1159/000134619

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:1424-8581    

DOI:10.1159/000134620

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We have identified a novel human gene with strong homology to the mouse Pa2g4 cell cycle gene. This novel gene (called PA2G4) belongs to a gene family with members in several chromosome regions: 3q24-q25, 6q22, 9q21, 12q13, 18q12, 20p12 and Xq25. A composite cDNA of 1697 nucleotides was isolated. The sequence of this cDNA predicts a protein of 394 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence of this human protein shows very strong homology to the mouse protein p38–2G4. The cDNA analyzed probably corresponds to a functional copy found at 12q1

ISSN:1424-8581    

DOI:10.1159/000134621

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The genome sizes of the Venezuelan spiny-rats Proechimys guairae guairae (2n = 48) and P. trinitatis (2n = 62) were evaluated and proved to be 12.5 ± 0.5pg and 12.6 ± 0.3pg respectively, the highest so far recorded among mammals; also the C-heterochromatin (32.7 %, Coefficient of Variation [CV] 3.8 and 35.8%, CV4.4) and GC (44.2%, CV2.7 and 43.6%, CV 2.9) contents are very high. Highly repetitive (rep) DNAs were isolated from restriction enzyme digested genomic DNAs of both species. The intra- and inter-specific chromosomal allocations of these rep DNAs were analyzed by direct and cross-hybridizations. Results show that the two genomes harbour several rep DNA families which show both species-specificity and interspecific relatedness in their in situ hybridization patterns. The rep DNA families show an equilocal distribution at both the pericentromeric areas of all chromosomes and in the whole arms of two pairs of the uniarmed group, suggesting co-evolution of the rep DNAs. P. g. guairae BamHI digested DNA, when cloned and sequenced, proved to consist of a long “composite” unit (1,239 bp) containing two copies of each of 75-bp and 110-bp internal subrepeats. Karyotype restructuring between P. g. guairae and P. trinitatis, mainly due to Robertsonian changes, was accompanied by slight intra- and intergenomic movements of the putative satellite DNA families within stable genome sizes and C-heterochromatin contents. We discuss the findings obtained in Proechimys in the light of those regarding the kangaroo rat, the pocket gopher and the house mouse; they support the idea that karyotype restructuring could be the expression of molecular driven events of rep DNA amplification and homogenisation through non-homologous chromo

ISSN:1424-8581    

DOI:10.1159/000134622

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:1424-8581    

DOI:10.1159/000134623

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger