ISSN:0265-8240    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9930.1980.tb00222.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Protective services are conceptualized as legal safeguards for aged individuals who are incapable of prudent financial or personal self‐determination. Despite this protective intent, conservatorship, personal guardianship, and involuntary hospitalization may in fact work against elders' best interests as a result of their limitation of avenues for expressing autonomy and self‐worth. In this article, psychological theories of effectance or control are applied to analyzing the effects of protective legal intervention upon older persons. The rationale of parens patriae is examined in terms of its conceptual appropriateness for application to the aged; social and legal sources of bias in protective philosophy are enumerated and discussed. Statutes and procedural conventions governing competency and commitment cases are similarly evaluated, and found from an effectance‐theoretical perspective to pose substantial threats to older individuals' psychological and physical well‐being. Although recommended statutory and procedural revisions would be helpful in ameliorating these negative effects, they are not sufficient to eradicate them. A conceptual reanalysis not only of the courts' responsibility and role in caring for the infirm, but of social policy in general as it is presently applied to the elderly, is therefore reco

ISSN:0265-8240    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9930.1980.tb00223.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article considers team policing as a method of deploying police manpower and examines the impact of an experiment in one neighborhood in a medium‐sized American city. The first section reviews team policing in light of earlier police reforms and sets forth the basic tenets and expectations of team policing as a deployment strategy. Next the design of the quasi‐experiment is discussed. The program is evaluated in terms of its impact upon a number of criteria, including attitudes toward the police, the evaluation of police services, clearance rates, and crime rates. While no reduction in crime rates was detected, a favorable impact was made in most other ar

ISSN:0265-8240    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9930.1980.tb00224.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Recent surveys repeatedly indicate that the public holds favorable attitudes toward the police. This analysis suggests positive public evaluations of the police may be in part the result of citizen satisfaction with police actions in handling specific incidents. Citizen‐police contacts are found to be relatively common, and in the majority of these contacts, citizens are found to rate police actions favorably. Four types of citizen‐police contacts are analyzed: contacts resulting from victimizations, assistances provided by the police, stops initiated by police, and citizen calls to the police for information. Contact type alone is found to have relatively little influence on citizen evaluations of the police services provided to their neighborhoods. But citizen satisfaction with police handling of contacts has a stronger impact, which appears to vary with contact t

ISSN:0265-8240    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9930.1980.tb00225.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The 1132 administrative law judges now serving in twenty‐nine of the most important agencies of the national government are among the least understood and least studied authorities in the American political system, yet they are among the most powerful authorities in the modern policy process. ALJs have undergone a repid development from the creation of the office of “hearing examiner” in the Hepburn Act of 1906 to the rpesent djay, when they hear cases cfomparable in importance to those heard by federal district judges. ALHs are selected through a merit procedure almost wholly controlled by the agencies in which they are employed and are subject to constant cross‐pressures from their judicial role and their administrative masters. Perceived problems of biased selection procedures, conflicts of interest, and lack of public accountability have led critics in Congress and elsewhere to propose a variety of marginal reforms. The policy proposal that probably gets to the heart of the problem, however, is the creation of an Administrative Court of the United

ISSN:0265-8240    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9930.1980.tb00226.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0265-8240    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9930.1980.tb00227.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0265-8240    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9930.1980.tb00228.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0265-8240    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9930.1980.tb00229.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0265-8240    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9930.1980.tb00230.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0265-8240    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9930.1980.tb00231.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY