ISSN:0265-8240    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9930.1987.tb00409.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Sample surveys report that admitted tax evasion remains widespread and shows no sign of declining. An analysis of communication effects among Oregon adults suggests divergent, not convergent patterns among the users of mass media and personal information channels. Mass media exposure is strongly related to fear of getting caught and is directly related to taxpayer honesty. Personal discussion, however, is associated with low fear perceptions and is unrelated to compliance. Low fears are related to taxpayer dishonesty. No relationship is reported between mass media use and interpersonal discussion. Personal discussion does not appear to reinforce media messages as one would expect in a convergent communication model. Communication strategies for fostering compliance are discussed.

ISSN:0265-8240    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9930.1987.tb00410.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A survey of the local grass roots chapters of Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) revealed that local chapter officers are primarily married, moderately educated, women who are active participants in other community organizations, and are often victims or have had family members killed in auto crashes. The chapter officers of MADD come from the traditional social base of community grass‐roots activism and believe they have the support of other community groups. MADD's agenda for local activism resembles a moral crusade in that public awareness and youth education are given high priority in local chapters, with “legal advocacy” and victim assistance activities receiving less emphasis. Finally, chapter officers seem to adhere to a traditional moral belief in individual responsibility in their commitment to public awareness and stiffer penalties as “solutions” to the drunk drivin

ISSN:0265-8240    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9930.1987.tb00411.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Data from a case study of piecemeal zoning change suggest that the decisions of citizen zoning boards of appeal are neither lawless nor ineffective–the majority of requests that come before them are for bulk and dimension variances which typically do not threaten the land usestatus quoand are usually granted unless there is local opposition. When substantial changes of land use are involved two factors are influential in determining the outcome of zoning cases–the consistency or clash between the proposed land use and that of the neighborhood surrounding the site, particularly in single‐family residential areas; and the expression of opinion (positive or negative) by the residents of the community.Despite criticism of zoning boards as defective and illegitimate legal institutions and calls for their abolition, they remain popular and extremely resistant to change because they have come to play important dispute settling and community maintenance functions in the urban environment in addition to their explicit rule enforcement functions. These broader community functions of zoning can only be understood in terms of a participatory model of legal process where legal rules are understood as functioning to identify situations as much as they are norms to be enf

ISSN:0265-8240    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9930.1987.tb00412.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Davis V. Bandemercase focused much attention on the problem of using statistical evidence to demonstrate the existence of political gerrymandering. In this paper, we evaluate the uses and limitations of measures of the seat‐votes relationship in theBandemercase. We outline a statistical method we have developed that can be used to estimate bias and the form of representation in legislative redistricting. We apply this method to Indiana state House and Senate elections for the period 1972 to 1984 and demonstrate a maximum bias of 6.2% toward the Republicans in the House and a 2.8% bias in the Senat

ISSN:0265-8240    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9930.1987.tb00413.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A variety of multivariate techniques were used to develop a taxonomy of regulatory agencies from the first comprehensive study of the disparate enforcement strategies employed by business regulatory agencies in one country. Seven types of agencies were identified: Conciliators, Benign Big Guns, Diagnostic Inspectorates, Detached Token Enforcers, Detached Modest Enforcers, Token Enforcers and Modest Enforcers. Agencies were distinguished primarily according to their orientation to enforcement versus persuasion, according to their commitment to detached (or arms length) command and control regulation versus cooperative fostering of self‐regulation, and according to their attachment to universalistic rulebook regulation versus particularistic regulation. Nevertheless, it is not unreasonable to view regulatory agencies as lying on a single continuum from particularistic non‐enforcers who engage in cooperative fostering of self‐regulation to rulebook enforcers whose policy is detached command and control. This approximates the suggestions of Hawkins and Reiss for distinguishing regulatory agencies according to a “sanctioning/deterrence” versus “compliance” dimension. The predominant regulatory style in Australia, however, is distant from both poles, being a perfunctory regulatory approach which is neither distinctively diagnostic and educative nor litigiously “going by the book”; rather it amounts to “going through the motions”. The typology also partially conforms to Black's categorisation of social control as penal, therapeutic, concilia

ISSN:0265-8240    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9930.1987.tb00414.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY