摘要:

It is argued that the systematic study of regulation should include an analysis of the structural contexts within which agencies with enforcement authority are embedded. At least four contexts affect indirectly and directly the process of regulation: the political, the economic, the scholarly and the media. The period of the mid‐ ‘eighties in Britain is characterized and trends in that period are described. The decline in resources, a political and scholarly environment of “de‐regulation” and increased media interests in aspects of regulation in general, it is argued, shape regulation in Great Britain. The authors use records, field and interview data from an on‐going research program on health and safety regulation in England and the structure and operations of the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) at the Centre for Socio‐legal Studies, Oxford, to a) examine structural changes in the organization(s) of which the HSE is constituted b) identify stresses and conflicts within the HSE c) record resultant patterns of morale and performance and d) describe efforts at achieving rationalization and formalization. It is concluded that in the context of declining resources and pressures to appear efficient, potentially divisive stresses and conflicts in regulatory bodies, if the HSE is at all representative, will continue and will underlie changes and developments that can be expec

ISSN:0265-8240    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9930.1990.tb00043.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The deinstitutionalization of chronic mental patients and the establishment of Community Mental Health Centers creates a new role for the police—i.e. agents of therapeutic control. In this new role, police must move beyond their traditional behaviors as agents of penal control, and play an active part in initiating patients to psychiatric treatment. Social scientists and mental health professionals recognize the need for police training in this area. Yet, little research has been devoted to the penal‐therapeutic transition per se. This paper examines the social structural factors necessary for such a transition, and it illustrates the methods by which CMHC professionals can manipulate their social control environments so as to fulfill these social structural “requirements”. We also discuss some non‐structural barriers to police acting as agents of therapeutic control and the prospects for overco

ISSN:0265-8240    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9930.1990.tb00044.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Legislatures have made numerous attempts to reduce medical malpractice costs by changing the legal rules governing malpractice suits. Additional changes through physician discipline are also under consideration. This paper ‐ tests whether these changes have had the desired effects, using cross‐state data. The empirical findings are that the results of changes in the legal rules are generally as expected, but that physician discipline seems to have little impact on either insurer costs or insurance rates, even after the discipline rules have been in effect for up to four ye

ISSN:0265-8240    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9930.1990.tb00045.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Numerous speculations exist about the psychological implications of affirmative action. One of the notions most prevalent among policy analysts is that affirmative action is stigmatizing and consequently is psychologically harmful to beneficiaries. In this article, the policy‐analytic vision which leads to this conclusion is shown to have strong parallels with a particular interpretation of the formal social psychological framework known as Equity Theory. Flaws in both the policy analytic and the equity theory visions are highlighted through a reconceptualization of the policy in terms of the theory of Procedural Justice. The general argument is that psychological reactions to affirmative action are linked to the actual structure and perceived fairness of the procedures used to implement the policy. A review of the psychological research on the outcomes of affirmative action based on equity theory and procedural justice shows that psychological responses to the policy depend on the nature of policy‐procedures. Since affirmative action procedures do vary and also seem to have legal bearing, it is argued that in order to develop an understanding of the psychology of the policy that is both valid, and relevant to policy design, a procedural justice conceptualization is necess

ISSN:0265-8240    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9930.1990.tb00046.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY