ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1969.tb15928.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1969.tb15929.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY.—Penetration through excised human skin by penicillin G, tetracycline, erythromycin and ampicillin has been demonstrated in anin vitrosystem, by both radiobiological and microbiological assay. The degree of penetration varied for the different antibiotics, but none of those tested penetrated as well as sodium fusidate had previously been shown to d

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1969.tb16067.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY.—Vehicles influence the penetration of therapeutic agents applied to the skin surface. Physical factors such as temperature and humidity are also of importance. Similarly vehicles and physical factors regulate the retention of material within the stratum corneum to form a reservoir. Penetration of testosterone, oestradiol, hydrocortisone, fluocinolone acetonide and griseofulvin, and the influence of dimethylsulphoxide, dimethylacetamide, dimethylformamide, alcohols and benzene, on percutaneous absorption has been quantitated and related to the influence of these vehicles on the reservoir in separated epidermis with stratum corneum. Similarly, semi‐solid vehicles such as ointments have been studied. The experiments indicate that vehicles which enhance penetration also increase the quantity of material retained in the reserv

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1969.tb16068.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY.—The factors influencing topical corticosteroid activity are primarily concerned with selection of the derivative with the most suitable physico‐chemical characteristics and to a less extent with the choice of the vehicle. Dissolving the corticosteroid in a suitable solvent appears to enhance skin absorption. Its solubility in the vehicle influences the amount of corticosteroid released and greatest release is obtained from preparations in which the corticosteroid is dissolved in its maximal solubility concentration. Other factors, such as the effect of the solvent on the skin barrier, the degree of hydration of the horny layer and the temperature also play a part.The effect of vehicles on corticosteroids has been investigatedin vitrousing artificial and natural membranes. These methods may be useful in screening new products, hut more reliable assessment can be made byin vivostudies. Animal experiments cannot be applied without reservations to human conditions. Experimental and clinical evaluation in humans presents its own problems, especially from the point of view of quantitative assessment, but it offers the most reliable information on the influence of formulation on topical corticosteroid activ

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1969.tb16069.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY.—The vasoconstrictor test of McKenzie and Stoughton (1962) has been adapted for studying the release of betamethasone 17‐valerate and 21‐desoxy betamethasone 17‐propionate from ointments. Vasoconstriction on the skin of volunteers was assessed quantally by noting presence or absence of vasoconstriction or quantitatively by measuring diameters of vasoconstricted areas. The quantitative method employs corticosteroid doses higher than those used in the quantal method of McKenzie and Stoughton. The vasoconstrictor potencies of 3 betamethasone derivatives have been compared using the quantitative method in order to confirm its validity. The quantitative method was used for comparing various ointment bases with betamethasone 17‐valerate or 21‐desoxy betamethasone 17‐propionate. High relative potencies were obtained by the inclusion of propylene glycol in the ointments. Ointments containing betamethasone 17‐valerate and varying amounts of hydrogenated lanolin were compared.The quantitative and quantal methods showed that relative vasoconstrictor potency increased or diminished respectively with increased concentration of hydrogenated lanolin. The effect of hydrogenated lanolin in vehicles on the release of betamethasone 17‐valerate was studied using twoin vitromodel systems and the results are discussed in relation to those of thei

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1969.tb16070.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY.—Percutaneous absorption of topical steroids occurs more readily in children than in adults. Potent topical steroids may be used in infantile eczema in order to bring, it under control as soon as possible and to restore the barrier function of the stratum corneum. If, however, the eczema is unresponsive, then prolongea and excessive applications should not be made, for adrenal function is likely to become depressed. In such cases it is advisable to have recourse to bland therap

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1969.tb16071.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY