摘要:

SummaryMany drugs already in use for the treatment of skin disease, including steroids, retinoids, vitamin D derivatives and cyclosporin (CyA), exert effects on gene transcription. In this review we briefly outline how these drugs work, before proceeding to a consideration of how new drugs acting on the transcription process might be used to influence skin disease.

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb04968.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThis survey of the clinical and epidemiological features of human cowpox, a rare but relatively severe zoonotic infection, is based on 54 cases, many unpublished, which we have studied since 1969. Patients present with painful, haemorrhagic pustules or black eschars, usually on the hand or face, accompanied by oedema, erythema, lymphadenopathy, and systemic involvement. Severe, occasionally fatal, cases occur in eczematous and immunosuppressed individuals, although cowpox has not yet been reported in anyone infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Variations in the clinical features are described, and the differential clinical diagnosis of cowpox, parapox, herpes virus, and anthrax infections is discussed. The role of the laboratory in diagnosis is described, and the value of electron microscopy in providing rapid confirmation is emphasized. Care in taking a detailed history will assist in the initial clinical diagnosis, and a history of contact with domestic cats, particularly during July‐October, is important. The possible influence of smallpox vaccination on the incidence and severity is discussed and discounte

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb04969.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThree possible mechanisms of the hair shaft abnormality in cheveux incoiffables have been investigated in nine patients. Cheveux incoiffables hairs were found to exhibit a normal distribution of cystine‐rich protein within both the cuticle and the cortex, as determined by silver methenamine ultrastructural cytochemistry. Resistance to stretching, at 65% relative humidity and constant temperature, was similar to normal controls. Resistance to bending forces was also assessed, and was equivalent in both groups. On scanning electron microscopy, all patients with cheveux incoiffables demonstrated longitudinal grooving of the hair shaft, and the hairs were triangular or heart‐shaped in cross‐section. In addition, there appeared to be minimal cuticular weathering. Even hairs of 20–30 cm length showed only minimal cuticular and cortical weathering, compared with normal hair shafts of similar length and diameter. It is possible that the reduced progressive weathering renders the hair shaft more rigid, and could serve to explain the ‘stand on end’ appearance of the hair which is typical of this condition. However, the characteristic cross‐sectional shape of the hair shaft in cheveux incoiffables may render it more rigid and resistant to bending forces. This latter theory has yet to be fully

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb04970.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryNetherton's syndrome is a rare genodermatosis of unknown cause, which is classified as an ichthyosiform syndrome. A clinical and immunological study of seven patients with Netherton's syndrome illustrates the clinical spectrum of this disorder, the frequent association with atopy, and the absence of consistent immunological abnormalities. Failure to thrive in infancy was a feature in six of the seven patients, and was considered to be life‐threatening in three. The skin disease evolved into ichthyosis linearis circumflexa in four of the seven, and the remaining three patients suffered from persistent or recurrent ichthyosiform erythroderm

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb04971.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryX‐linked recessive ichthyosis (XLI) is caused by a deletion, or mutation, of the steroid sulphatase gene on the distal short arm of the X chromosome (Xp22.3). This region of the X chromosome is particularly susceptible to deletions. Such deletions can occasionally extended to involve neighbouring genes, causing a contiguous gene defect. Therefore, XLI may be associated with Kallmann's syndrome (KS), mental retardation, X‐linked recessive chondrodysplasia punctata and short stature. We have reviewed 33 patients with XLI. Nine showed evidence of contiguous gene defects. A further four had neurological deficit sustained at the time of birth. This study highlights the importance of screening patients with X‐linked recessive ichthyosis for neighbouring genetic disorders and, in particular, the early identification of KS, as delay in diagnosis may lead to infertility and osteoporosis. Parents should be warned about possible obstetric complications due to prolonged labour in future pregna

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb04972.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIn this study we examined the effect of hyperbaric oxygen treatment on the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans by fibroblasts isolated from wounds and normal skin. Fibroblast cultures were exposed to seven treatments of intermittent hyperbaric oxygen, and then metabolically labelled with D‐[6‐3H] glucosamine. Hyaluronic acid and proteoglycan synthesis were determined by measuring the radioactivity precipitated with cetylpyridinium chloride before and after digestion with hyaluronidase. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment resulted in an increased synthesis of hyaluronic acid and proteoglycans by fibroblasts from wounds and normal skin. Overall, the average increase in total glycosaminoglycan synthesis after hyperbaric oxygen treatment was 28%, whereas libroblast prolifcration was decreased by 7%. These results suggest that one of the effects of this treatment on a wound may be to increase the ratio of extracellular matrix to cells. Such a change could have important consequences for cellular activities essential for effective wound healing, such as migration of cells into the wound and control of cell funct

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb04973.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe two known mammalian gelatinases. 72‐ and 92‐kDa gelatinase. are extracellular matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) with a potential role in wound healing. The gelatinase activity as a function of wound age was analysed in tissue extracts of partial‐ and full‐thickness wounds in the skin of pigs, using two assay systems. Total gelatinase activity, assessed using a3H‐labelled gelatin assay, was highest in the early healing phases and then decreased as healing proceeded in both wound types. Gelatin zymography, which distinguishes the activities of the two gelatinases, showed that the 92‐kDa (MMP‐9) gelatinase essentially followed the same pattern as that of total gelatinase activity, whereas the activity of the 72‐kDa gelatinase (MMP‐2) remained fairly stable, although it was higher than in uninjured skin, over the experimental period, irrespective of wound type. In conclusion, the two gelatinases appear to have different functions in the wound healing process. The 72‐kDa gelatinase (MMP‐2) is important during the prolonged remodelling phase, whereas the 92‐kDa gelatinase (MMP‐9) is linked to the epithelialization proces

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb04974.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryUsing recently designed, commercially available, non‐invasive instruments, we measured the thickness and elasticity of the skin of the face and ventral forearm in 170 women, and evaluated the effects of age and exposure to sunlight. Skin thickness decreased with age in ventral forearm skin, which has limited exposure to sunlight, but increased significantly in the skin of the forehead, corners of the eyes, and cheeks, which are markedly exposed to sunlight. Skin elasticity (Ur/Uf) decreased with age on both the face and forearm. The ratio of viscosity element to elasticity element (Uv/Ue) increased with age at all sites. However, delayed distension (Uv), immediate retraction (Ur), final distension (Uf), and immediate distention (Ue), as individual elements, decreased on the face and increased on the forearm with age. This tendency was more marked after correction for skin thickness. These results suggested the specificity of skin thickness and elasticity in the facial skin. Analysis using a four‐element model showed no changes in the elasticity coefficient of Maxwell element on the forearm, but an increase on the face. This indicates quantitative or qualitative changes in elastic fibres in facial skin. Thus, sunlight appears to have a considerable effect on the thickness and physical properties of facial s

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb04975.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA miniaturized sensitive bioassay was used to detect tetracycline in open comedones following topical twice daily application of 0.22% tetracycline hydrochloride for a minimum of 4 weeks to the facial skin of patients with mild to moderate acne. The lower limit of detection was 4.8±0.8 ng per comedone or per 10 μl. Using this method. Ill of 155 open comedones from 15 patients were found to contain a detectable amount of tetracycline, ranging from 1.8 to 156.9 ng per comedone, and between 4.5 and 1140.1 ng per mg comedonal material. There was a significant effect of comedone weight on tetracycline content, with smaller comedones containing proportionately more tetracycline. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient was −0.5619 (P<0.001). All III comedones in which tetracycline was detected contained sufficient drug to inhibit fully antibiotic‐sensitive propionibacteria. However, conditions favourable to the selection and overgrowth of highly tetracycline‐resistant strains (MIC ≥ 32 μg/ml) prevailed in at least 18.7% (29 of 155) of the comedo

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb04976.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe serum carboxyterminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP) level in 26 patients with psoriasis was significantly lower than in control subjects (124 + 47 and 224 + 78 ng/ml, respectively:P<0.001). The patients were divided into two groups, those treated with etretinate and untreated patients. PICP levels in the treated group were significantly lower than those in the untreated group (P<0.001), but there was no difference between the control and untreated groups. In addition, there was a negative correlation between PICP levels and the serum etretinate concentration in treated patients (r=−0.622,P<0.05).There was no difference between procollagen type III aminoterminal propeptide (PIIIP) levels in patients and controls, nor was there any significant difference between etretinate‐treated and untreated patients.In cell culture studies, etretinate dose‐dependently (from 10−9to 10−5M) decreased the PICP concentration in the medium of fibroblasts from both healthy subjects and patients. In osteoblast cell culture, PICP levels were reduced only in a high concentration of etretinate (10−5m). However, no change was observed in preadipose cells.Ourin vivoandin vitroobservations indicated that psoriasisper sedid not affect either serum PICP or PIIIP levels, but that etretinate had an inhibitory effect on collagen synthesis by fibroblasts. Hence, the administration of etretinate to psoriatic patients is, at least in part, responsible for the reduction of serum PICP levels in the

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb04977.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY