摘要:

SUMMARYIn this Study a variety of immunoelectron microscopic methods were used to define the precise ultrastructural binding site of epidermolysis bullosa acquisita antibodies (EBA‐Ab). We used two EBA sera which immunoblotted with the same skin‐extracted protein as that labelled by a monoclonal antibody (LH7.2) which is known to react with the carboxy terminus of type VII collagen. Gold‐conjugated antibodies were used in two different immunoelectron microscopic procedures to compare the labelling characteristics of EBA‐Ab and LH7.2 in normal human skin. Antibody incubations were performed using ultra‐thin cryosections of unfixed skin and thin slices of fresh skin (en bloctechnique) before conventional fixation and embedding in Epon. Both methods showed similar labelling features for both EBA‐Ab and LH7.2With ultra‐thin cryosections there was labelling of the lamina densa and an undefined component of the sub‐lamina densa region. With theen bloctechnique, labelling of dermal ends of anchoring fibrils and of amorphous material recently defined as‘anchoring plaques’was evident. There was no labelling of the central banded portions of anchoring fibrils. We conclude that EBA‐Ag is localized to the dermal ends of anchoring fibrils in addition to the lamina densa and possibly anchoring plaques, and thus has the same distribution as the carboxy terminus

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1990.tb07278.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThe immunomodulating cytokines, tumour necrosis factor/cachectin (TNF) and lymphotoxin (LT) are thought to play an essential role as mediators of inflammatory reactions. To evaluate the role of TNF and LT in atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis, we investigated their production by mononuclear cells (MNC)in vitro. The 24‐h supernatants of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐ and phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)‐stimulated and unstimulated MNC from 26 patients with AD and 20 with psoriasis and from 17 non‐atopic healthy controls were tested for the concentrations of TNF and LT using an ELISA technique. In patients with AD, TNF levels were significantly decreased in the supernatant of PHA‐stimulated (P 0·005) and LPS‐stimulated (P0·02) MNC in comparison to controls. There was no significant difference in TNF production between psoriatic patients and the control group. Release of LT in the supernatant of PHA‐stimulated MNC by patients and controls did not differ significantly. There was no significant spontaneous production of TNF and LT by MNC of patients and controls. These studies indicate that different immunomodulating mechanisms are responsible for triggering the inflammatory response in A

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1990.tb07279.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYIn pemphigoid gestationis (PG), one of the major initiating events is the aberrant expression of the class II molecules of the major histocompatibility complex in the placenta. We used a panel of 13 monoclonal antibodies to investigate the phenotype of the MHC class II positive antigen‐presenting cells (APC) in the skin and placenta in PG. In the skin, the APC show reactivity with a variety of macrophage markers and the CDimarker of Langerhans cells. By contrast, the MHC class II positive cells in the placenta showed no reactivity with macrophage or Langerhans cell markers, but were the cytokeratin‐positive trophoblast or vimentin‐positive stromal

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1990.tb07280.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThe mechanisms by which tolerance is induced in solar urticaria were investigated in two patients whose eruptions were induced by wavelengths in the range 320–455 nm in one patient and 400–495 nm in another. Tolerance to radiation was induced by repeated exposures of the skin to the eliciting wavelengths of light. Weal and flare responses to intradermal injections of histamine and the histamine‐releasing agent (codeine) were unaltered in the tolerant skin when compared with adjacent normal skin. Intradermal injection ofin vitroirradiated serum or plasma from the patients induced an urticarial reaction in the unexposed skin but not in tolerant skin and repeated injections induced tolerance to the eliciting radiation. The results suggest that tolerance is not due to exhaustion of the photoallergen in the skin, or to an increase of the mast‐cell degranulation threshold caused by exposure to ultraviolet radiation, or mast‐cell mediator depletion, or histamine tachyphylaxis. It is likely that binding sites of IgE on mast cells remain occupied by the photoallergen during the state of tolerance, and that histamine release from mast cells i

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1990.tb07281.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYUsing a newly developed suction device, the mechanical properties of forearm and vulvar skin were studied in 22 healthy women, 12 before and 10 after the menopause. The ratio between viscous deformation (Uv) and elastic deformation (Ue) and the biological elasticity, i.e. the ratio between immediate recovery (Ur) and total deformation (Uf), were both significantly lower in vulvar than in forearm skin. Ur/Uf decreased significantly with load in vulvar, but not in forearm skin, whereas Uv/Ue was not load‐dependent in either site. Uv/Ue remained constant with age in both test sites, whereas Ur/Uf was significantly lower in post‐menopausal women in both forearm and vulvar skin. In vulvar, but not in forearm skin, Uv/Ue was significantly correlated with body height which may be an indicator of mechanical connective tissue properties. Viscous deformation plays a lesser role and biological elasticity is decreased in vulvar compared to forearm skin. Despite differences in mechanical parameters at both sites, age‐related changes seem to be si

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1990.tb07282.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYChanges in skin blood flow and haemoglobin content of port wine stains and clinically normal contralateral skin were determined by laser‐Doppler flowmetry and reflectance spectrophoto‐metry in 14 patients after application of a vasodilating cream containing methyl nicotinate 1·0%, glycol salicylate 10% and capsaicin BPC 0·1% (Algipan cream) and in 16 patients after application of a corticosteroid tape containing flurandrenolone (Haelan tape). Changes in blood flow measured after application of vasodilator cream were significantly reduced in port wine stains compared with contralateral skin (P<0·01). After application of the vasoconstrictor steroid tape changes in blood flow were significantly reduced in the port wine stains (P<0·05) and changes in haemoglobin content were also significantly reduced in the port wine stains compared with normal skin (P<0·05). These results support the concept of reduced autonomic innervation of cutaneous vasculature in port win

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1990.tb07283.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYWe deduced on theoretical grounds that conventional patch testing would be inadequate for the detection of sensitivity to multiple allergens. Fourteen patients with positive patch tests to two unrelated allergens were studied and the response to those two allergens was measured when tested singly or in combination, using 10 different pair combinations from 15 common allergens. With serial dilutions in chloroform (14 patients) and paraffin (four patients), the response was related to the log‐dose of the allergen, and change in skin‐fold thickness corresponded well with clinical grading. Single allergens diluted below the threshold for a patch‐test response gave a response when given in combination, the threshold for a response to one allergen being lowered by the presence of another. On the linear part of the dose‐response curves the response to the mixture of allergens was additive, the combined response being the sum of the individual components. Approaching the plateau region the response to the combination was greater than to the individual allergens but less than the sum of the single responses. The same results were obtained with allergens in paraffin. We conclude that conventional single allergen patch testing by itself is inadequate for the diagnosis of contact der

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1990.tb07284.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYElastase inhibiting activity (EIA) was demonstrated in the epidermis from lesions and in psoriatic scale, whereas normal epidermis did not contain significant EIA. Two new elastase inhibitors were partially purified and characterized using psoriatic scale as a source. The two species (approximate molecular weights 10 and 20 kDa) were shown to be stable, and high‐affinity inhibitors of human leucocyte elastase (Ki<10−10M). NO activity against human cathepsin G could be demonstrated. Cultured human keratinocytes were shown to contain EIA activity similar to that found in psoriatic scale. EIA could also be demonstrated in human epidermis following the induction of an experimental inflammatory response by sellotape‐stripping. We propose the acronym SKALP (skin‐derived antileucoprotease) as a name for these new proteinases inh

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1990.tb07285.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYA questionnaire was sent to 16 carriers of the X‐linked cytochrome‐b558negative variant of chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). Of the 15 who answered the questionnaire and from data of one additional case, 70% reported recurrent aphthous stomatitis and 63% had recurrent skin eruptions. Five of the carriers (31%) had clinically discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE), although the histopathology was not typical and the immunofluorescence findings were negative. The infiltrate in the lesional skin of three of these patients was analysed using monoclonal antibodies against CD3, CD4, CD8, CDIa, HLA‐DR, CDIc, interdigitating cells, B lymphocytes and cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage. The immunophenotype of the infiltrating cells resembled that found in discoid lupus erythema

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1990.tb07286.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYMultinucleate cell atigiohistiocytoma is a newly described benign vascular condition that usually arises on the extremities of women over the age of 40 as discrete grouped violaceous erythematous papules, often mimicking Kaposi's sarcoma. Of 10 patients, nine were women aged between 37–66 (average 51.5) years at the onset of their condition. The legs, and in particular the calves and thighs, were the commonest sites to be involved. However, in three patients the papules were confined to the back of the hands, and the male patient had lesions across the front of the chest. Bilateral lesions occurred in four patients. Histologically, the salient features were proliferation of capillaries and small venules at the level of the subpapillary plexus and the mid dermis, in association with prominent connective tissue cells and larger angulated multinucleate cells. Detailed histochemical and immunocytochemical studies have not elucidated the histogenesis of the multinucleate cells that seem to be a characteristic feature of this conditio

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1990.tb07287.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY