摘要:

SummaryPemphigus vulgaris (PV) and pemphigus foliaceus (PF) are autoimmune diseases in which there is loss of cohesion between keratinocytes (acantholysis) and blistering within the epidermis. PV is characterized by acantholysis predominantly between the epidermal basal cells and suprabasal layers, whereas in PF intraepidermal cleavage is higher in the epidermis. Adhesion between keratinocytes is dependent on the function of transmembrane glycoproteins of the cadherin family present in specialized adhesion junctions, the desmosomes. The pathogenesis of acantholysis In pemphigus is uncertain, but the pemphigus autoantibodies bind to epithelial cadherins. We have used monoclonal antibodies to desmosomal components to investigate their distribution in different forms of pemphigus.Our results show that the localization of desmosomal components is abnormal in intact perilesional epidermis, intact epidermis above the blisters in PV and intact epidermis below the blisters in PF. We suggest that autoantibody binding may have a direct effect on the function of specific epithelial cadherins, but will only cause cell separation where the antigen is the principal adhesion molecule.

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb00192.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThis study was designed to analyse IgE and its related phenomena in bullous pemphigoid (BP). We analysed 17 BP sera by indirect immunofluorescenee (IIF) and immunoblotting (IB) using a monoclonal antibody to IgE. In addition, inflammatory cells in lesional skin from 11 patients with BP were analysed by the alkaline phosphatase‐anti‐alkaline phosphatase (APAAP) technique using monoclonal antibodies to IgE and FcɛRII/CD23. IgE class anti‐basement membrane zone (BMZ) autoantibody was detected in nine of 17 sera (52.9%) by IIF. IgG class anti‐BMZ antibody could block the BMZ‐binding reactivity of IgE class antibody. Titres of IgE class autoantibody in the sera ranged from 1:40 to 1:320, and statistically correlated with serum IgF levels. Two of 11 sera contained an IgE class autoantibody which recognized a 230‐kDa BP antigen by IB. By radio‐allergosorbent test (RAST), IgE‐specific antibodies to an extended series of common inhalant and food allergens were detectable in six sera with higb concentrations of total IgF(over 3300 IU/ml). IgE‐bearing and FcɛRII‐expressing cells were demonstrated in the upper dermis and along the BMZ in seven of 11 biopsy specimens by tbe APAAP technique. The distribution and number of IgE‐bearing cells in the lesions were similar to those of the FcEERII‐expressing cells. Tbese results suggest that botb IgE‐mediated immune responses and autoimmunity characterize

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb00193.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe ultrastructural localization of Brazilian pemphigus foliaceus (BPF) (fogo selvagem) antigen(s) in cultured human squamous cell carcinoma cells was studied using immunogold electron microscopy. Five of six BPF sera, which showed positive cell‐surface reactivity on immunofluorescence, bound to the cell‐cell contact area of cytoplasmic projections. This binding pattern was apparently different from that of non‐endemic pemphigus foliaceus and pemphigus vulgaris sera, and mouse monoclonal anti‐buman E‐cadherin antibody. The results suggest tbat BPF autoantibodies recognize a molecule(s) which is different from non‐endemic pemphigus antigens, or different epitope(s) of a molecule identical with non‐endemic pemphigus antigens, and that the epitope(s) to which BPF autoantibodies bind is expressed on cell‐cell contact areas at a relatively early stage of cell‐cell a

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb00194.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryTrichothiodystrophy (TTD) is a hair defect associated with abnormal composition of the high‐sulphur proteins (HSP). HSP can be modified quantitatively (reduced amount of qualitatively normal HSP: TTD‐variant) and qualitatively (TTD). In this study we show that the amino acid composition of hairs collected from the scalp of a patient with TTD‐variant (donor) was preserved in hairs produced by donor scalp follicles maintained up to 6 months as grafts on to nude mice. It is the first time that an exceptionally rare, clinically and biochemically well‐characterized hair dysplasia has been maintained under laboratory conditions for a long period of time. The linear growth rate of TTD‐variant hairs was similar to that of control hairs grown under comparable conditions. The persistence of disease‐specific abnormalities in the hair shaft indicates that the TTD‐variant mutation is expressed without significant quantitative modifications, and appears independent of systemic host‐related factors. This model may serve as a clinically relevant working platform for evaluating regulation of abnormal gene expression in the hair follicle under well‐controlled experi

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb00195.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIt has been suggested that T lymphocytes expressing γδ T‐cell receptors could play an important role in defence against some intracellular infectious pathogens. The present study was undertaken to characterize the occurrence and variable δ gene expression of T lymphocytes expressing the γδ T‐cell receptor in oriental cutaneous leishmaniasis. Eleven cases of oriental cutaneous leishmaniasis were investigated by immunohistological analysis using an alkaline phosphatase‐anti‐alkaline phosphatase (APAAP) technique. In three cases, we observed an increased percentage of γδ T cells (about 20% of CD3+cells). In these cases γδ T cells generally expressed the Vδ2 segment, and only rarely the Vδ1 gene product. Vδ2+cells were predominantly localized in the dermis, and were virtually absent in the epidermal compartment. The rare γδ T cells observed in the epidermis were almost exclusively Vδ1+. This study demonstrates that an increase of γδ T cells may be found in oriental cutaneous leishmaniasis, although it is not a constant feature of the disease. The finding of a preferential expansion of the Vδ2 subset suggests that this subpopulation of yδ T cells might be selectively involved in the recognition ofLeishmaniaantigens. The distinct compartmentalization of yδ T‐cell subpopulations indicates that these subsets may recogn

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb00196.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryNaftifine (NF), a topical antimycotic agent, is highly activein vitroandin vivoagainst a wide range of pathogenic fungi. NF inhibits human polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMN) chemotaxis. Following stimulation with zymosan‐activated serum. 85–97% of the PMNs exhibited detectable membrane ruffling and polarity. In contrast, NF‐treated PMNs did not exhibit such chemotactic factor‐induced shape changes. We also analysed the effect of NF on PMN superoxide anion (O2−) and chemiluminescence (CL) production, as a measure of respiratory burst activity. Stimulation of PMNs pre‐incubated with NF (37°C for 30 min at 1–150 μg/ml) hy FMLP, PMA and zymosan resulted in a dose‐dependent inhibition in PMN CL. Doses of NF which depressed chemotaxis, inhibited CL and diminished O2−production in a statistically significant manner (P<0.05–0.001). In conclusion, NF alters membrane‐related responses in PMNs, and this alteration may be associated with a change in PMN morphology. Binding of NF to PMN membrane sterol, with a subsequent alteration in membrane configuration, is the most likely cause of the inhibition of PMN function. The data collectively document biochemical and morphological differences between control and NF‐treated PMNs as determined by stimulus‐specific CL and O2−generation and membrane shape change. Such differences may account, in part, for its efficacy in infl

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb00197.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryPeripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were taken by leukapheresis from a patient with melanoma skin metastases and stimulatedin vitrousing 1000 IU recombinant interleukin 2 (IL‐2)/ml to generate lymphokine‐activated killer cells (LAK cells). Two‐colour immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated an IL‐2‐induced up‐regulation of CD25 on natural killer cells (CD56+) as well as on T lymphocytes (CD3+). After radiolabelling with indium‐111, the cells were reinfuse. Gamma‐camera imaging revealed an enrichment at the tumour sites. Immunostaining of tumour tissue taken before and after scintigraphy demonstrated CD25+Tlymphocytes (CD2+, CD3+), but no natural killer cells (CD16+, CD56+) infiltrating the metastases.LAK cell enrichment at melanoma metastasesin vivodid not involve natural killer cells, but was characterized by increased numbers of activated T lymphocytes

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb00198.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryAcute and chronic side‐effects have been reported during topical treatment of mycosis fungoides with nitrogen mustard (HN2). In order to estimate the risk for the nurse applying topical HN2, the concentration of HN2 in the air during treatment was measured. Air samples were obtained before, and during the 20‐min treatment period close to the nurse and patient, and continuously at a distance of 1 m from the patient. The mean concentration of HN2 in the air during treatment was 0.036 mg/m3. Immediately after treatment the concentration dropped to 0.004 mg/m3. The mean cumulative concentration in the room during the 3½h of the experiment was 0.012 mg/m3. If the MAC (maximal allowable concentration) value of 0.05 mg/m3for the comparable sulphur mustard is used as a guideline, then with a treatment procedure of 20 min this level is not exceeded. Nevertheless, it is important to minimize the exposure of nursing staff to

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb00199.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIn this study, allergic reactions to systemic or intralesional corticosteroids were characterized, and skin tests utilized in the diagnosis of corticosteroid allergy. Five patients who had developed a rash when treated with systemic or intralesional hydrocortisone, methylprednisolone, prednisolone or betamethasone, were challenged with oral or intra‐articular corticosteroid preparations, and skin tested. Upon provocation the patients reacted with diffuse erythema principally on the trunk or on the face. The erythema appeared within a period ranging from a few hours to 24 h and faded in 1–3 days. On patch testing, one patient reacted to prednisolone and methylprednisolone, which induced a positive response upon provocation, and two patients were positive to Pivalone®. Patients who were sensitive to hydrocortisone or methylprednisolone, as judged by anamnestic data and provocations, reacted to these corticosteroids in the intradermal tests. Allergy to betamethasone could not be verified by intradermal or patch tests. A combination of intradermal and patch tests is recommended when allergy to systemic or intralesional corticosteroids is suspected. If these skin tests remain negative, provocation is the method of ch

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb00200.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe effectiveness of an education package for secondary schools about the sun and skin cancer was assessed using questionnaires. A variety of teaching methods was used, including pamphlets, workbooks, and a video. The effect of this material was assessed by asking pupils to complete questionnaires immediately after receiving the package (July), and after the summer holiday (September).Five‐hundred and forty‐three children from seven schools were recruited into the study. Results of the questionnaire demonstrated a significant difference in knowledge (P<0.001) and reported attitude (P<0.001) compared with a control group. There was no significant difference in behaviour of the taught groups compared with the control group. The only significant activity associated with increased knowledge was wearing a sunscreen (P<0.005). In contrast, In terms of attitude, those who covered up in the sun (P<0.0001), wore a sunscreen (P<0.004), and sat in the shade (P<0.02). had significantly hetter attitudes than those who did not behave in this way.This project is a first attempt to assess health education in schools, and reports changes in knowledge, attitudes, and some aspects of behaviour. Adolescents are a group who are difficult to influence, but our study has produced some useful information about how these children respond to such teaching measu

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb00201.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY