摘要:

SummaryA variety of c‐DNAs coding for nuclear retinoic acid receptors (RARs) have recently been cloned. These receptors are members of the steroid/thyroid receptor superfamily and are believed to act as ligand‐inducible transactivating factors; retinoic acid induces changes in receptor configuration that allows DNA binding and increased gene transcription from specific genes to occur. The retinoic acid receptor family itself may consist of up to 20 separate receptors each with a specific distribution and ligand binding characteristics. The RAR‐γ in the adult is found almost exclusively in the skin but other receptors which are found in a variety of other tissues are also present in skin. Associations of cutaneous disease states with receptor mutants have not yet been reported although some cases of leukaemia may be secondary to retinoic acid receptor gene rearrangements. A variety of approaches to identify the biological function of these receptors based on recombinant DNA technology are already un

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb07804.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryPlasminogen activity and DNA synthesis by epidermal cells have been reported to be doubled in psoriatic skin grafts compared with grafts of normal skin 6 weeks after transplantation to nude mice. In our study human lymphocytes disappeared from such grafts within 48 h whilst some DR‐positive human dendritic cells were retained in the grafts for up to 4 weeks. However, the grafts were infiltrated by Thy 1.2+mouse lymphocytes within 6 days and this infiltration persisted at a moderate level throughout the observation period. It consisted of perivascular aggregates, scattered dermal and papillary T cells, and some mouse T cells were also found in the epidermal compartment. Grafts of psoriatic and non‐psoriatic control skin were infiltrated to a similar extent, suggesting a low‐grade rejection response against the human xenografts. These findings raise the possibility that psoriatic keratinocytes are responding abnormally to inflammatory cytokines released by mouse lymphocytes reacting against the skin g

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb07805.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe actions and interactions of putative mediators of inflammation, such as substance P (SP), histamine, bradykinin and prostaglandins (PGE2) were studied in human skin. In addition, the effects of capsaicin were examined as it is known to release (and to deplete) SP and calcitonin gene‐related peptide from C‐fibres. The flare evoked by bradykinin was abolished by pretreatment with lignocain (local anaesthetic), compound 48/80 (mast‐cell histamine liberator), mepyramine (H1‐receptor antagonist) and indomethacin (cyclo‐oxygenase inhibitor) but was unaffected by atropine and ketanserin (serotonin antagonist). The weal response was not reduced by any of the drugs. The flare evoked by capsaicin was abolished by lignocaine and indomethacin but was unaffected by compound 48/80, mepyramine, atropine and ketanserin. The weal response was reduced by indomethacin. The flare response to bradykinin seems to reflect the activation of C‐fibres and associated mast cells, while the flare response to capsaicin seems to reflect the activation of C‐fibres only. Repeated injections of capsaicin and bradykinin produced tachyphylaxis (and cross‐tachyphylaxis) and greatly reduced the SP‐evoked flare. Capsaicin produced tachyphylaxis also after treatment of the skin with a local anaesthetic, suggesting that it develops independently of C‐fibre impulse flow. The tachyphylaxis produced by bradykinin and capsaicin seems to reflect the depletion of messenger peptides from the C‐fibres. The flare response to SP following capsaicin‐ or bradykinin‐induced desensitization gradually returned to normal after 5–8 weeks. The erythema evoked by PGE2was reduced by 30% following pretreatment with lignocaine, mepyramine or compound 48/80. The dermal effects of prostaglandins seem to be partly indirect, involving C‐fibres and mast cells, and partly direct on the vascular bed. The importance of prostaglandins for C‐fibre‐mediated effects is reflected in the fact that indomethacin and acetylsalicylic acid were found to suppre

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb07806.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryStaurosporine, a protein kinase (PK) inhibitor, phorbol‐12‐myristate‐13‐acetate (PMA), a PKC activator and A23187 calcium ionophore were added to human melanocyte cultures with or without dibutyryl cyclic AMP (dbcAMP). After 2 days' incubation, changes in various melanogenic factors were examined such as tyrosinase activity and the amount of tyrosinase‐related protein (TRP) as well as the morphology of the melanocytes, dbcAMP stimulated all the melanogenic factors. Staurosporine increased tyrosinase activity and amount of TRP and caused morphological changes with the formation of numerous dendrites, regardless of the presence of dbcAMP. In contrast, PMA did not significantly affect tyrosinase activity, TRP content or dendrite formation, with or without dbcAMP. The effects of staurosporine on tyrosinase activity and TRP content were completely inhibited by PMA, but PMA did not significantly affect the staurosporine‐induced morphological changes. A23187 inhibited both tyrosinase activity and TRP content, regardless of the presence of dbcAMP, but did not affect the morphology of melanocytes. These findings suggest that tyrosinase activity and TRP content are regulated by adenylate cyclase and Ca2+and partly by PKC, while the morphological features of melanocytes are affected by intracellular cAMP accumulation and by the inhibi

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb07807.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThein‐vivoeffects of systemic administration of recombinant human interleukin 1β(rIL‐1β) were studied in the mouse contact‐sensitivity model, rIL‐1βin a single dose of 20 μg injected intraperitoneally 72–48 h before or 2–24 h after sensitization suppressed contact sensitivity. Given before challenge rIL‐1βmodulated the response in a biphasic way with an enhancement at 48 h and a suppression at 2 h before challenge. Only microgram doses of rIL‐1βcould enhance the contact sensitivity at 48 h, while microgram doses of rIL‐1βat 2 h before challenge suppressed and nanogram doses enhanced the response. Treatment with indomethacin could only abrogate the effects of nanogram doses of rIL‐1β. Measurements of the thickness of unchallenged control ears revealed that rIL‐1βby itself could cause a small but significant increase in thickness depending on the dose

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb07808.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe cytolytic and/or cytostatic effects of hyperthermia, lymphokine‐activated killer cells (LAK cells) and the combination of both were assayed using F1 and F10 B16 melanoma cell lines. F10 cells with a high metastatic potential showed a greater sensitivity to hyperthermia than F1 cells which have low metastatic potential. The F10 cells were lysed to a lesser extent by LAK cells than the F1‐B16 cells. When the cell lines were subjected to hyperthermia at 43°C for 3 h and then interacted with LAK cells, the maximum cytolysis reached almost 100%. When the interaction with LAK cells was followed by hyperthermia at 43°C, the total release of51Cr from the cell lines was 75–85%. The extent of51Cr release from the B16 melanoma cell lines was inversely correlated with the survival rate as calculated by the plating efficiency of the incubated cells. The survival rate of mice intravenously injected with B16‐F10 cells and subjected to hyperthermia at 41°C for 3 hin vitroincreased compared to that of controls. This was further increased by the simultaneous administration of

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb07809.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe biophysical properties of non‐eczematous skin at three locations in atopics and non‐atopics were characterized using non‐invasive physical methods. Skin friction was measured with a newly developed sliding friction instrument, the degree of hydration with a capacitance meter (Corneometer CM 820), and the transepidermal water loss (TEWL) was determined using an Evaporimeter EP1. The areas examined (dorsum of the hand, volar forearm and lower back) showed lower values of friction and capacitance in the atopic patients than did corresponding sites in the normal controls. In most areas a significant correlation between friction and capacitance was found. The TEWL was increased in atopic skin, but TEWL seems to correlate neither to friction nor to capaci

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb07810.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThree cases of granulomatous slack skin (GSS), a rare variant of T‐cell lymphoma, are reported. Immunohistochemical studies using a panel of 16 antibodies were carried out on both frozen tissue and tissue embedded in paraffin wax to characterize the infiltrate. A routine immunoperoxidase technique was used to identify T cells (UCHL1, CD45RO), B cells (L26, 4KB5 [CD45R]). S100 protein‐positive cells, monocytes/macrophages (Mac‐387, KP1 [CD68]), and dermal dendrocytes (factor XIIIa) in paraffin sections. A close association was found between UCHL1‐positive T cells and KP1‐positive giant cells. A number of S100‐positive cells and factor XIIIa‐positive cells were present in the infiltrate from all three patients. The lymphocytes in two of the patients were predominantly of the helper T‐cell phenotype. Giant cells from all three patients stained with KP1 (CD68) and Leu M3 (CD14). These studies confirm that the infiltrate in GSS is predominantly a T‐cell disorder associated with monocyte‐derived cells rather than with resident de

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb07811.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryDuring wound healing of human skin the deposition of foetal antigen 2 (FA2) and basement membrane (BM) components collagen type IV and collagen VII was followed. FA2 appeared on day 8 in the cytoplasm of proliferating fibroblasts and around newly formed blood vessels. As granulation tissue was formed, FA2 was seen diffusely in the loose matrix and in proliferating fibroblasts. Reestablishment of FA2 as a broad diffuse band along the BM at the dermo‐epidermal junction was seen on day 22. In contrast, type IV and VII collagen were found along the BM and in the basal cells of the newly formed epithelium and a continuous linear BM distribution of these two components were reestablished by days 12 and 14, respectively. The molecular weight (Mr) analysis of FA2, isolated from human skin fibroblast culture supernatants using SDS–PAGE, revealed aMrof 27 kDa, corresponding to that of FA2 isolated from amniotic fluid.The presence of FA2 in proliferating fibroblasts and diffusely in the newly formed matrix of granulation tissue, as well as its late appearance at the BM after this had become established, suggests that FA2 takes part in connective tissue metabolism and perhaps tissue morphogene

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb07812.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe keratin phenotype of 15 cases of basal cell carcinoma was assayed immunohistochemically using a panel of monospecific antibodies to single keratin polypeptides. Whilst tumour tissue strongly expressed primary keratins 5 and 14 (normally synthesized in basal keratinocytes) no expression of secondary keratins 1 and 10 (characteristic of skin‐type differentiation) was detected. Keratin 17, characteristic of the outer hair root sheath, was strongly expressed in all tumours. Keratin 19 was also normally expressed in parts of the hair follicle and was detected in four cases. The ‘high cell turnover’ keratin 16 was frequently induced in the overlying epidermis, but was rare within tumour tissue. No expression of simple epithelial keratins 8 and 18 was detected. Whilst the keratin phenotype of tumour cells is similar to that of basal cells within part of the hair root sheath, in keeping with suggestions of a follicular origin for basal cell carcinomas, the findings are also compatible with an origin from interfollicular pluripotent stem cells differentiating towards follicular struc

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb07813.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY