ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb00114.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryT lymphocytes and neutrophils accumulate in psoriatic epidermis. To determine whether the epidermis plays an active role in this process through the production of cellular adhesion factors, leucocyte adherence to lesional psoriasis was compared with normal skin in a modified frozen‐section adhesion assay. Lymphocyte and neutrophil suspensions were prepared by standard Ficoll–Hypaque techniques from peripheral blood of normal volunteers and overlaid on to glutaraldehyde‐fixed 8‐μm cryostat sections of skin. Adhesion of phorbol ester‐activated T lymphocytes to the epidermis was significantly greater in psoriasis compared with normal skin (P<0.01). Adhesion was absent (a) at 7°C, (b) in the presence of EDTA and (c) in the absence of lymphocyte activation. Immunostaining demonstrated that all adherent lymphocytes were CD3+ve (i.e. T cells). Likewise, neutrophils adhered more prominently to psoriatic epidermis. Adhesion was most prominent at the tips of dermal papillae, corresponding to areas of maximal intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) expression. Both neutrophils and lymphocytes adhered to dermal papillary vascular endothelium. These studies provide functional data that psoriatic epidermal cells are actively involved in leucocyte adherence. The distribution of adhesion suggests that both ICAM‐1‐dependent and independent mech

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb00115.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryWe have conducted a multicentre case‐control study to assess the epidemiological importance of previously suggested risk factors for psoriasis, including family history of the disease, smoking and alcohol consumption. Newly diagnosed psoriatics, with a history of skin manifestations no longer than 2 years were eligible as cases; as controls we selected subjects with newly diagnosed dermatological conditions other than psoriasis. Interviews were performed by trained medical investigators using a structured questionnaire. Two‐hundred and fifteen cases, aged 16–65 years (median age 38), and 267 controls, aged 15–65 years (median age 36), were interviewed and included in the analysis. Family history was a risk factor for psoriasis; the multiple logistic regression (MLR) adjusted‐odds ratio was 18.8 (95% confidence interval 6.4–54.8) for a history in parents, and 3.2 (95% confidence interval 1.5–6.6) for a history in siblings. The risk of psoriasis was higher for current smokers than for those who had never smoked. The MLR adjusted odds ratio was 2.1 (95% confidence interval 1.1–4.0) for people smoking 15 cigarettes or more per day. The risk of psoriasis was higher for alcohol drinkers: compared with teetotallers the MLR adjusted‐odds ratios were 1.3 (95% confidence interval 0.8–2.3) for subjects drinking one or two drinks/day and 1.6 (95% confidence interval 0.9 to 3.0) for those drinking three or more. However, the trend in risk was not statistically significant. Our study confirms the role of family history in psoriasis and provides some evidence of a dose‐response relationship for an association between smoking

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb00116.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryWe looked for evidence of aBorreliainfection in 15 patients with morphoea. We were not able to detect antibodies toBorrelia burgdorferiin any of these 15 patients. None of the 14 skin biopsies examined by immunohistochemistry showed evidence of spirochaetes. Skin biopsies were cultured in 10 patients. All were negative. These results do not support a spirochaetal origin of localized scleroderma.

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb00117.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA characteristic feature of non‐eczematous atopic dry skin (DS) appears to be an impaired water permeability barrier (WPB) function. The WPB is constituted by intercellular lipid lamellae, located between the horny cells of the stratum corneum (SC), which are provided by exocytosis of lamellar bodies (LB). The aim of this study was to elucidate whether alterations in the dynamics of LB‐extrusion could be responsible for this WPB disturbance. In an ultrastructural morphometric comparison the relative volume of LB in the two uppermost subcorneal layers in DS of atopics (n=9) and healthy skin of controls (n=7) was determined. The LBs were differentiated into extracytoplasmic LB. i.e. with the cell membrane already fused, and intracytoplasmic LB. i.e. entirely located within the cell. The total volume in the two cell layers of the stratum granulosum did not differ between atopics and controls. However, separate evaluation of the two LB‐compartments revealed statistically significant differences between atopics and healthy controls. In the second uppermost cell layer of the stratum granulosum only 13% of the total LB volume of this layer had already fused with the cell membrane in the atopics as opposed to 42% in the controls. On the other hand more LB remained undelivered within the cells of the uppermost SG cell layer of the atopics (26% in atopics versus 8% in controls,P<0.01). These findings suggest that a pathological extruding mechanism of LB in DS may be at least partly responsible for the recently detected biochemical alterations of epidermal lipids, and for the deficien

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb00118.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryAn analysis of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets and their expression of activation markers was performed using flow cytometry in 12 adult patients with severe atopic dermatitis, and compared with 14 normal individuals. Repeated measurements were made over an 8‐week period during which disease activity was also assessed.Increased percentages of activated and unactivated CD4+lymphocytes, and decreased percentages of CD8+cells were observed in atopic dermatitis. Increasing disease activity was associated with an increase in the proportion of activated and unactivated CD4+lymphocytes and a fall in the proportion of CD8+cells. This study demonstrates that in adults with severe atopic dermatitis, increasing disease activity is associated with selective activation of CD4+lymphocytes and a relative expansion of the CD4+cell subse

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb00119.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIt has been suggested that patients with chronic superficialTrichophyton rubruminfection have defective cellular immunity to dermatophyte antigens. This may be due to a selective anergy to dermatophyte antigens or reflect the activity of dermatophyte‐derived lymphocyte inhibitory factors. To explore these possibilities, we assessed lymphocyte transformation to a variety of recall antigens, including a cytoplasmic and exoantigen preparation ofTrichophyton rubrumin 15 patients with chronic dermatophyte infection and 15 age‐and sex‐matched positive controls. In a duplicate set of experiments, autologous serum was replaced by heat‐inactivated fetal calf serum. In addition, the direct effect ofTrichophyton rubrumextracts on lymphoproliferation was assessed invitro.Comparable lympocyte transformation to each recall antigen was observed in patients and controls. Moreover, we found no evidence for a circulating dermatophyte‐derived lymphocyte inhibitory factor in sera from patients with chronic superficial infection. A direct inhibitory effect ofTrichophyton rubrumon lymphocyte proliferation to recall antigens was observed, however, at protein concentrations of>10 μg/ml (exoantigen preparation) and>25 μg/ml (cytoplasmic preparation). This inhibitory effect was rapidly reversible, not associated with loss of cell viability and maximal when added within 24 h of antigen to cultured lymphocytes. Class II MHC antigen HLA‐DR, a surface marker of T‐cell activation, was observed on inhibited lymphocytes co‐cultured with antigen, suggesting the primary target for the inhibitory effectin vitrois the lymphocyte rather than the antigen‐presenting cell. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that lack of cutaneous inflammation at the site ofTrichophyton rubruminfection in the human host may reflect a local effect of dermatophyte‐derived lymphocyte inhibitory factors. This contrasts with previous suggestions that patients predisposed to chronic dermatophytoses might exhibit a selective anergy

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb00120.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryHair‐bearing, transitional, and alopecic scalp from three males and one female with progressive pattern alopecia were examined. Ultrastructural studies disclosed measurable thickening of the follicular adventitial sheaths of transitional and alopecic zones compared with those in the nonalopecic zones. This finding was associated with mast cell degranulation and fibroblast activation within the fibrous sheaths. Immunohistochemically, control biopsies were devoid of follicular inflammation (n= 3), while transitional regions consistently showed the presence of activated T‐cell infiltrates about the lower portions of follicular infundibula. These infiltrates were associated with the induction of class II antigens on the endothelial linings of venules within follicular adventitia and with apparent hyperplasia of follicular dendritic cells displaying the CDl epitope. Inflammatory cells infiltrated the region of the follicular bulge, the putative source of stem cells in cycling follicles. The data suggest that progressive fibrosis of the perifollicular sheath occurs in lesions of pattern alopecia, and may begin with T‐cell infiltration of follicular stem cell epithelium. Injury to follicular stem cell epithelium and/or thickening of adventitial sheaths may impair normal pilar cycling and result in hair

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb00121.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryUltraviolet radiation damage to the skin is due, in part, to the generation of reactive oxygen species. Vitamin C (l‐ascorbic acid) functions as a biological co‐factor and antioxidant due to its reducing properties. Topical application of vitamin C has been shown to elevate significantly cutaneous levels of this vitamin in pigs, and this correlates with protection of the skin from UVB damage as measured by erythema and sunburn cell formation. This protection is biological and due to the reducing properties of the molecule. Further, we provide evidence that the vitamin C levels of the skin can be severely depleted after UV irradiation, which would lower this organ's innate protective mechanism as well as leaving it at risk of impaired healing after photoinduced damage. In addition, vitamin C protects porcine skin from UVA‐mediated phototoxic reactions (PUVA) and therefore shows promise as a broad‐spectrum photopro

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb00122.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA superficial peripheral lymph vessel draining the skin of the upper and medial part of the foot was cannulated on the lower leg of six healthy human volunteers. After 2 days an irritant contact dermatitis was induced by application of 10% sodium lauryl sulphate to the area of skin drained by the lymph vessel. Three days later the spontaneously regressing skin reaction was treated with clobetasol propionate. Lymph was collected twice daily for 7 days, and the levels of various cytokines (IL‐1α, IL‐1β, IL‐2 and soluble IL‐2 receptors. IL‐6, IL‐8, TNF‐α, GM‐CSF) were determined by ELISA technique. In the majority of the volunteers all cytokines examined were detected in several lymph samples, with the exception of IL‐lα and IL‐8. In parallel with the clinical symptoms of the contact dermatitis the levels of IL‐6 and TNF‐α increased 8–l0‐fold, whereas for IL‐1β, IL‐2, IL‐2 receptors, and GM‐CSF there was a delayed, 2–3‐fold increase. These results suggest that cytokines, in particular IL‐6 and TNF‐α, may actively participate in the immunological reactions in the skin and in

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb00123.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY