ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb08485.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryNeuropeptide and neuronal marker immunoreactivity was studied in skin biopsies from lesional and marginal areas in 12 patients with vitiligo, and in seven normal controls. The vitiligo was active in seven, static in two, and of unknown activity in three. Antibodies against general neuronal marker PGP 9.5 (PGP 9.5), substance P (SP), calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), and neuropeptide Y (NPY), were used. The epidermis, dermo‐epidermal junction, papillary and reticular dermis, and appendages, were assessed semiquantitatively for reactivity with each antibody. Staining with PGP 9.5 in the upper dermis was assessed quantitatively by image analysis. An increase in reactivity against NPY antibody was seen in five of 10 cases (three with active vitiligo) in the marginal areas, and in three of 12 subjects (all with active vitiligo) in the lesional vitiligo areas. VIP antibody reactivity showed a minimal increase in the marginal and lesional vitiligo areas (in two cases each, both of whom had active vitiligo), SP and CGRP reactivities did not differ from normal. PGP 9.5 staining was minimally increased at the dermo‐epidermal junction and lower Malpighian layer in biopsies from marginal areas in three of 10 subjects (all with active vitiligo). Quantitative analysis of PGP 9.5 reactivity in the upper dermis showed no difference between vitiligo and normal biopsies. These findings support the concept of neuronal or neuropeptide involvement in vitiligo, and in particular suggest that NPY may have a role in the pathogenesis of the di

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb08486.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryWe have previously developed methods for the isolation and maintenance of human sebaceous glands and hair follicles. However, in long‐term culture the maintenance of both is suboptimal. This may be due to a lack of stem cells, which are thought to be located in the bulge area of the hair follicle, and this region is not present in either model. Isolation of the entire pilosebaceous unit would retain this region, and may lead to improved maintenance of both structures. We describe a method for the isolation of viable, individual, pilosebaceous units by microdissection from human scalp face‐lift skin. The viability of isolated pilosebaceous units has been determined by light microscopy, patterns of DNA synthesis by [methyl‐3H] thymidine autoradiography, and lipogenesis by [U‐14C] acetate uptake into lipids.When maintained for 7 days in supplemented Williams E medium, isolated pilosebaceous units showed a significant increase in length. This was due to the production of a keratinized hair fibre which grew at thein vivorate of 0.3 mm/day.Light microscopy and [methyl‐3H] thymidine autoradiography confirmed that after 7 days maintenance the hair follicle retained apparently normal morphology and patterns of DNA synthesis. However, the morphology of the sebaceous gland on maintenance was more variable, generally showing luminal keratinization. Moreover [methyl‐3H] thymidine autoradiography of sebaceous glands showed a marked reduction on maintenance.The rates and patterns of lipogenesis by the whole pilosebaceous unit were, respectively, lower and different from those seen with isolated human sebaceous glands: this indicates that the bulk of pilosebaceous lipogenesis is derived from the hair follicle. Rates of recovery of [14C] from 2 mM‐[U‐14C] sodium acetate into thin‐layer chromatography plates after 7 days maintenance decreased, although this was not statistically significant, indicating that rates of lipogenesis may fall on maintenance. Pilosebaceous units were maintained for 7 days on Gelfoam (an absorbable gelatin sponge) at the media‐air interface. Initial results show a marked improvement in sebaceous gland morphology. It is possible, therefore, to obtain viable human pilosebaceous units by microdissection, and to maintain themin vitrofor up to 7 days, with apparently full retention of hair follicle function, but only partial retention of sebac

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb08487.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryNot all keratinocytes in human and rat hair follicles express MHC class I antigens (MHC I). In the present study, we report the first immunohistological profile of classical and non‐classical MHC I expression in the skin of adolescent C57 BL‐6 mice during the induced hair cycle. MHC I immunoreactivity (H‐2b, H‐2Db) is absent in the matrix and inner root sheath of growing (=anagen) hair follicles, and the dermal papillae are H‐2bnegative during catagen and telogen. This lack of normal MHC I expression may serve to sequester potentially damaging autoantigens from immune recognition. In addition, we present the first evidence of non‐classical MHC class I antigen expression in normal mammalian skin: during the entire hair cycle, the distal hair follicle shows strong Qa‐2 immunoreactivity, which appears to be restricted to an epithelial follicle compartment densely populated by gamma‐delta T cells with which Qa‐2 molecules may interact as part of a primitive antibacterial defense system of the follicle. The murine hair cycle is an attractive model for dissecting the functional roles of H‐2band Qa‐2 molecules in hair biology and in related tissu

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb08488.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIn the anagen human hair follicle, the epithelial cells from the infrainfundibular portion and the hair matrix cells express markedly lower numbers of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules than interfollicular epidermal keratinocytes. During the catagen phase of the hair cycle, class I expression on these cells increases, and activated macrophages aggregate around the follicle, which has led to the hypothesis that the cells to be resorbed are recognized by virtue of their low class I antigen expression. In the present study, we showed that,in vitro, outer root sheath cells also maintain a lower constitutive expression of MHC class I molecules compared with epidermal keratinocytes. In contrast, other surface antigens such as HLA‐DR, ‐DP and ‐DQ, ICAM‐1, LFA‐3 and CD29, which are all known to participate in leucocyte‐keratinocyte interactions, were similarly expressed in both cell types. Furthermore, interferon gamma strongly upregulated MHC class I and II and ICAM‐1 expression in both cell types, whereas CD29 and LFA‐3 remained unaffected. Tumour necrosis factor alpha, to a lesser extent, also upregulated MHC class I and ICAM‐1 expression, but not class II expression. The differences in constitutive surface antigen expression of infrainfundibular outer root sheath cells compared with interfollicular epidermal keratinocytes emphasizes a distinct role of this cell type in the hair cycle, and possibly also i

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb08489.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe morphology of hair follicles was examined in psoriatic scalp biopsies and compared with normal scalp. In scalp psoriasis the lower outer root sheath and hair matrix were not affected by the psoriatic changes, although there was an irregular expansion in the proximal lower outer root sheath. This area has been characterized, by the presence of keratin K19‐containing cells, as the putative stem cell region. In addition, marked shrinkage of the sebaceous glands was seen in the psoriatic scalp, as previously reported. A panel of monospecific monoclonal antibodies to individual epithelial keratins was used to analyse scalp specimens immunohistochemically. Keratin expression in scalp was generally unaffected by psoriasis, except for widespread expression of suprabasal keratins K16 and K17 in suprabasal interfollicular psoriatic scalp epidermis. Simple epithelial keratins K8 and K18 were not found in follicular epithelium from either normal or psoriatic scalp, using multiple monospecific antibodies. This study shows that keratin K17 is induced suprabasally during epidermal hyperproliferation, and cannot therefore be considered a hair follicle‐specific kera

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb08490.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryLinear IgA disease is characterized by the presence of linear IgA deposits at the basement membrane zone of the skin, and in some cases by circulating basement membrane zone antibodies. The disease occurs in both adults and children, and is designated adult linear IgA disease in the former and chronic bullous disease of childhood in the latter. The subclass distribution of the circulating and bound basement membrane zone antibodies was studied in 32 children and eight adults. The results were compared with five dermatitis herpetiformis patients and five normal controls. The circulating antibodies (39 patients) and the cutaneous deposits (39 patients) were IgA1 in all 40 patients with linear IgA disease. The cutaneous deposits in dermatitis herpetiformis were also all IgA1, and no circulating antibodies were detected. The controls were all negative. This large series of children and adults with linear IgA disease demonstrates that the circulating and cutaneous basement membrane zone deposits are all IgA1, and suggests that linear IgA disease is an IgA1‐mediated diseas

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb08491.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe incidence and nature of cutaneous photosensitivity were studied in 10 patients suffering from dermatomyositis. Five reported an abnormality, which consisted of photoaggravation of preexisting cutaneous lesions in three, and abnormal transient erythemal responses in two. Monochromatic irradiation testing of all 10 patients demonstrated reduced minimal erythemal doses in two, at 307.5nm, and at 340 and 360nm, respectively; only the latter individual had clinical light sensitivity. Exposure to low‐dose, solar‐simulated radiation of the unaffected skin of the former patient, and five others who agreed to the procedure, three of whom complained of light sensitivity, induced a lesion with the clinical and immunofluorescence characteristics of dermatomyositis in only the first one. Four other patients replied to a mailed questionnaire, and three of these reported aggravation of their rash and provocation of new lesions by sunlight. Photosensitivity may thus be an important cutaneous feature of dermatomyosi

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb08492.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIn the management of photosensitivity dermatitis/actinic reticuloid syndrome (PD/AR) (syn.chronic actinic dermatitis), a chronic and often severe photodermatosis, there has been concern that patients may be predisposed to the development of lymphoreticular malignancy. A follow‐up study of 231 patients with PD/AR who had been investigated at the Photobiology Unit, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, between 1971 and 1991, was undertaken to determine (i) the incidence and type of malignancies (ii) the causes of any deaths. This information was obtained from three sources:(a) National Cancer Registry data,(b) death certificates,(c) when possible or practical, by casenote review.Thirty‐eight malignancies had occurred (in 37 of the 231 patients). Although six of the 38 malignancies were lymphoma registrations, it emerged from a review of casenotes, pathology reports and death certificates that five of the six were incorrect: two were labelled ‘mycosis fungoides’ prior to diagnosis of PD/AR; a case of dermatopathic lymphadenopathy was initially reported as Hodgkin's disease; clerical errors had occurred in two cases. The remaining case was a true B‐cell lymphoma.The occurrence of one lymphoreticular malignancy is not significantly different from the number expected in a normal population (0.96), when applying 5‐year age‐, sex‐, and site‐specific incidence rates to the cumulative patient years of risk [standardized incidence ratio 1.04 (95% CI 0.03–5.79)]. There was also no significant increase in the risk of non‐lymphoma malignancies in the PD/AR subjects. Since diagnosis, 83 patients have died, the majority from cardiorespiratory or cerebrovascular diseases, or the reported malignancies, a pattern expected in an elderly population.This study indicates that PD/AR patients are not at an increased risk of developing lymphoreticular or other malignancies. When the diagnosis is made, specific lymphoma screening measu

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb08493.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryAlthough treatment of psoriasis with psoralen and ultraviolet A (PUVA) is associated with a long‐term risk of development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), the role of PUVA alone is not established, as many patients in reported series had also received treatment with other carcinogens, such as superficial X‐rays or arsenic. We have recalled and examined 54 of the 63 patients still alive who have had PUVA treatment in our department, and who have been exposed to a cumulative UVA dose greater than 2000 J/cm2. None of the patients had been treated with superficial X‐rays or arsenicals.Ten patients (19%) had developed SCC, and 25 (46%) had histologically atypical squamous keratoses arising at body sites similar to the carcinomas. The patients with SCC were significantly older at the start of PUVA treatment than those with keratoses alone. None of the 13% of patients without PUVA lentigines had keratoses or SCCs.These results show that high‐dose PUVA treatment in the U.K., even when given alone, can frequently result in the development of SCC. Further malignancies are to be expected with continued follow‐up of the patients with squamous keratoses. Absence of PUVA lentigines may be a useful indicator of a lower risk of PUVA m

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb08494.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY