摘要:

SummaryLeukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a pleotropic cytokinc, regulating differentiation. cell growth. cachexia and inflammation. Using the reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) we found that, in culture, normal human keratinocytes (KC) expressed mRNA transcripts for both LIF and the LIF receptor. In the conditioned medium (CM), constitutive LIF protein production was barely detectable but stimulation of K.C with l0ny/ml of either interleukin (ILI‐lα. or IL‐8. for 24 h. resulted in small but significant increases (P<0·05) in LIF protein, as measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. After culture in media containing l‐5mmol/l calcium, a time‐dependent increase in LIF mRNA was seen up to 72h (an 8·5‐fold increase), over levels in cells cultured in 0·05mmol/l calcium. A large increase in LIF protein in the CM (from 1·15± 0·15pg/ml to 178·7± 75·7pg/mn was seen 72h after a switch to media containing l.5mmol/I calcium (P=0·05). Twenty‐four hours after stimulation of human KC in culture with l0ng/ml recombinant LIF. a twofold increase in both IL‐lα and IL‐8 protein in the CM (P<0·05) was observed. In normal human scalp and foreskin, the epidermis was shown to contain LIF protein by immunostaining. LIF staining was found throughout the epidermis, and in the cells of the outer layer of the root sheath. Thus, K

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2133.1996.111846.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIn this study we tested the capacity of ultraviolet B (UVB)‐irradiated major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II+keratinocytes, monocytes and dendritic cells to activate T cells in the presences ofStaphylococcus enterotoxinB. We demonstrated that UVB irradiation of MHC class II+keratinocytes does not change their capacity to activate T cells in the presence ofStaphylococcus enterotoxinB. In contrast. UVB irradiation of antigen T cells after UVB irradiation was not due to factors relased form UVB‐irradiated cells. The interferon‐γ induced uupregulation of HLA‐DR and intercellular adhesion molecule‐l on accessory cell function of interferon‐γ pretreated monocytes. Differential requirements for and UVB regulation of costimulatory molecules may be involved. Since blocking of the B7/CD28 pathway affects the capacity of dendritic cells but not keratinocytes to activate T cells in the presence ofStaphylococcus enterotoxinB. Thus. MHC class II+keratinocytes in the presence of superantigens released from staphylococci may activate T cells and maintain inflammation despite

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2133.1996.112847.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary'I'hc aim of this study was to analyse viability, growth, differentiation and drug metabolic capacity of cultured human keratinocytes obtained from post‐mortem skin. Epidermal cells were prepared from 1‐day post‐mortem paired sun‐exposed (outer) and sun‐protected (inner) sites of the upper arm. of donors aged 47–80 years, The percentage of viable cells obtained from post‐mortem skin was only slightly lower than that usually obtained for keratinocytes isolated from fresh skin, and no alterations of epidermal markers were noted. Keratinocytes isolated post‐mortem from non‐exposed skin had a higher viability (78 versus 73%). and a more active proliferation, while their attachment rate, keratin composition, lipid synthesis capacity and transglutaminase activity levels were similar to those of epidermal cells obtained from the sun‐exposed skin. Keratinocytes Isolated from postmortem skin expressed various phase I and II activities at levels similar to those obtained with keratinocytes isolated from fresh skin while drug metabolizing enzyme activities were consistently higher in sun‐exposed compared to sun‐protected cells. The results support the conclusion that skin collected post‐mortem can represent an alternative source of viable and functional epidermal cells, and that the functional changes that occur in adult keratinocytes habitually exposed to the sun, affect much more strongly the drug metabolism capacity than the expression o

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2133.1996.113848.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryGlucocorticoid‐induced dermal blanching provides a useful research tool to study steroid potency and sensitivity. Conventional measurement of the intensity of blanching relies on subjective assessment by a trained observer using a visual score. Several objective techniques have recently been reported to detect skin blanching, but their sensitivity has not been compared previously with subjective visual recordings. In this report we aimed to establish whether objective methods offer sufficient sensitivity to be employed in epidemiological studies of glucocorticoid responsiveness.ealthy subject we applied beclomcthasone dipropionate at three concentrations (1. 10 and 100 μg/ml) under an occluded dressing overnight. The following morning we measured blanching using a visual score, laser Doppler velocimetry with the MBF 3D monitor (Moor Instruments Ltd. U.K.) and a perfusion imager (Lisca. Sweden), and reflectance spectrophotometry with the Dia‐Stron ‘erythemameter’. Using the visual score, blanching was detected at all concentrations of steroid. Neither laser Doppler instrument detected vasoconstriction at any concentration. By contrast, the rellectance spectrophotometer successfully recorded blanching at 10 and 100 μg/ml. but not at 1 μg/ml. We conclude that laser Doppler instruments, including the novel scanning perfusion imager. do not detect glucocorticoidinducced skin blanching perhaps because it reflects venular rather than arteriolar vasoconstriction. By contrast, the Dia‐Stron reflectance spectrophotometer has sufficient sensitivity to be used as an alternative to visual assessment in epidemiological studies of human glucocorticoid‐induced de

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2133.1996.114849.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryLocalized scleroderma has been reported to be accompanied by abnormal immune reactions, including autoantibody production and lymphocyte activation. Lymphocyte activation can be quantitatively detected by measuring soluble interleukin‐2 receptor (sIL‐2R) in serum samples. In this study, serum sIL‐2R levels were assayed by a sensitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, in 48 patients with localized scleroderma, in 20 with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and in 20 healthy controls. Serum levels of sIL‐2R were significantly higher in patients with localized scleroderma than in healthy controls. The serum levels of sIL‐2R were correlated with the number of sclerotic lesions, the number of involved areas, the levels of anti‐ssDNA, and the levels of antihistone antibody immunoglobulin M. Moreover, sIL‐2R levels in sera from patients with SSc were also significantly higher than in healthy controls. Elevated serum levels of sIL‐2R in localized scleroderma suggest that lymphocyte activation is one of the early processes in the developmen

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2133.1996.115850.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryChronic graft‐versus‐host disease after bone marrow transplantation presents, in a few cases, as mild to severe scleroderma‐like changes. Patients with chronic graft‐versus‐host disease with and without sclerodermatous skin changes were analysed for antinuclear autoantibodies (ANA) and antinucleolar autoantibodies (ANoA) and the results correlated with disease symptoms and histocompatibility locus antigen (HLA) pattern. Nineteen patients with chronic graft‐versus‐host disease and scleroderma‐like skin changes. 18 with chronic graft‐versus‐host diseae without scleroderma. and 17 controls on immunosuppressive treatment were screened for ANA and ANoA using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, immunodiffusion and immunoblot techniques. Four patients with severe scleroderma had antibodies to topoisomerase I. two had antibodies against PM‐Scl. both characteristic serological findings in idiopathic systemic scleroderma. One patient had La/SSB antibodies and, in three cases, antibodies to the nucleolar antigen C23 (nucleolin) could be identified. A possible correlation between antinucleolin antibodies and disease activity was observed. HLA‐Al. ‐B1. and ‐B2 were found significantly more often in patients with scleroderma‐like symptoms in comparison to patients without scleroderma‐like symptoms. Chronic graft‐versus‐host disease with seleroderma‐like manifestations can be associated with the occurrence of ANA specific for idiopathic scleroderma. The development of seleroderma after bone marrow transplantation mig

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2133.1996.116851.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryFifty‐five patients with biopsy‐proven cutaneous lupus erythematosus (LE) were identified in whom a prospective and retrospective review of the clinical and laboratory data allowed subclassification into systemic (SLE). subacute (SCLE). or discold (DLE) variants. In addition to conventional direct immunofluorescence. an indirect immunolluorescent technique. using a monoclonal antibody, was employed to assess deposition of the membranolytic attack complex (C5b−9) in skin lesions. Deposition of C5b−9within the epidermis correlated with a diagnosis of SCLE with or without antibodies to Ro and was seen in SLE patients with antibodies to extractable nuclear antigens Ro. La, Sm. and RNP. and in DLE patients with positive antinuclear antibodies and/or extracutaneous manifestations. In the SLE group, vascular C5b−9deposition was present in six patients. Of these, tour had circulating lupus anticoagulant, one had lymphocytic vasculitis, and two had antibodies to Ro. In two patients with SLE there was keratinocyte decoration for immunoglobulin G but not for C5b−9, in the absence of seropositivity for antibodies to Ro. La. Sm. and ribonucleoprotein (RNP). The immunohistological examination of skin lesions using a monoclonal antibody to C5b−9is a valuable adjunct in the subclassification of LE. The presence of C5b−9within skin lesions of patients with LE implies a pathogenic role for complement‐mediat

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2133.1996.117852.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe major histopathological feature of hypertrophic scar lesions is fibrosis. characterized by excessive accumulation of collagen. The purpose of this study was to determine if there is not only increased expression of collagen but also decreased expression of collagenase in hypertrophic scar fibroblasts. We compared the expression of mRNA for of α1(I) and α1(III) collagen, and collagenase in cultured fibroblasis from different portions of hypertrophic scars and normal dermis. the hypertrophic scar fibroblasts. increased levels of α1(I) and α1(III) collagen mRNAs were observed in fibroblasts from the edge and outside of scar tissue, while normal levels were noted in fibroblasts from the centre of this tissue. In contrast. decreased levels of collagenase mRNA were found in the hypertrophic scar fibroblasts. The reductions were centre (25% of the control) greater than the edge (43% of the control) greater than the outside (84% of the control). The changes in the collagenase mRNA levels of the hypertrophic scar fibroblasts correlated well with decreased collagenolytic activity as determined by the degradation rate of fluorescent isothiocyanate‐labelled type I collagen in fibroblast culture supernatant. These results suggest that decreased expression of collagenase in hypertrophic scar fibroblasts may be one possible cause for the excessive accumulation of collagen in the skin lesions of hypertrophic

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2133.1996.118853.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryForty‐eight patients (23 male, 25 female) with severe alopecia areata were sensitized and treated with topical diphencyprone. Thirty‐eight per cent of the subjects had good regrowth of hair at a mean follow‐up period of 30–8 months. The presence of nail changes, a personal history of atopy and a long duration of alopecia had an adverse prognostic

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2133.1996.119854.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryChronic malnutrition and growth failure are features of severe dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB). Conventional dietetic interverion is of limited benefit. Oesophageal dilatation or reconstruction to alleviate stricture is associated with substantial risks. Surgical placement of a feeding gastrostomy is a comparatively straightforward procedure, provided that specialized anaesthetic and surgical techniques are employed. Gastrostomy insertion was undertaken in 18 children with severe DEB and the effects of this intervention were retrospectively evaluated. The majority received button devices (inserted primarily) and gastrostomy feeding supplemented oral intake. One year postoperatively, the average increase in weight standard deviation scores (SDS) of 13 patients was 0.9 SDS (9S% confidence interval 0.44. 1. 351 in Height 042 SDS (95% confidence interval 005, 0.79). One patient developed an incisional hernia and four patients experienced minor leakage around the gastrostomy entry site. Two patients never accepted their gastrostomies, which were therefore removed. Two further patients died for reasons unrelated to the procedure. Our observations suggest that gastrostomy feeding can play a valuable role in severe DEB and is associated with minimal morbidity. Such intervention is best undertaken before growth failure is established, and prior to puberty.

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2133.1996.120855.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY