ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1970.tb15020.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY.—The undersurface of the epidermis covering the tip of the nipple resembles that found in tactile surfaces; at the sides of the nipple the undersurface is more shallow, and in the areola it has an even, honeycombed appearance. These are distinctive structural signatures of the areas. The nipple is glabrous and the areola largely so. Lactiferous ducts and sebaceous and apocrine glands open only at the tip of the nipple, mostly grouped toward the centre. Glands of Montgomery (accessory mammary glands), clusters of large sebaceous glands, a few scattered eccrine sweat glands, some apocrine glands, and a few vellus hairs toward the periphery are the appendages of the areola. Lactiferous ducts and sebaceous glands contain numbers of melanotic melanocytes among their epithelial cells. Sensory nerve end‐organs are found only at the tip of the nipple; there are practically none demonstrable at the sides of the nipple or at the areola. Many nerves are loosely wrapped around the lactiferous ducts, from the lactiferous sinus to the surface. These are probably afferent nerve fibres that convey sensory impulses. Nipples and areolae have a bountiful framework of elastic fibres that give these structures rigidity and support, anchor smooth muscle fibres, keep the lactiferous ducts and sinuses from collapsing, and attach the epidermis. The nipples and areolae of women, men, girls, and boys are qualitatively identical hut quantitatively very differ

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1970.tb15021.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY.—The ultrastructure of skin lesions in arteriolitis (vasculitis) allergica cutis superficialis in 4 patients, representing different clinical variants, is described. Attention was paid to the endothelial cells, the amorphous substance of the basement membrane and its hypertrophy, the fibroblasts of the vascular wall, the unusual coating of the collagen fibres with fibrin or fibrinogen and their derivatives. The results of the findings are discusse

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1970.tb15022.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY.—A short review is given of the observations which have been made on the mechanical properties of human hair under axial tension.Stress–strain curves of dry single fibres of human hair from patients with hypothyroidism and acromegaly revealed a distinctive alteration in the high yield region. The biophysical basis for this anomalous behaviour is not known.Attention is directed to the potential value of further studies of the physical characteristics of hair with special reference to mass screening programmes for evidence of disease. This aim is furthered by the technique introduced in this paper for distinguishing the abnormal from the nor

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1970.tb15023.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY.—Skin tests for immediate hypersensitivity with penicillin derivatives and haemagglutination tests for penicilloyl‐specific IgG and IgM antibodies are useful in the prevention, diagnosis and management of clinical adverse reactions mediated by IgE antibodies. In rare instances, the skin tests themselves may cause clinical adverse reactions. Under suitable conditions, hyposensitization or temporary loss of skin sensitivity can be successfully brought about, even in individuals with a high degree of immediate hypersensitivity.Delayed hypersensitivity plays a role in mediating certain non‐urticarial forms of penicillin allergy, including some cases of exanthematous eruptions. The degree of delayed hypersensitivity consistently fluctuates to lower levels after administration of therapeutic doses of penicillin.Preliminary data are presented which suggest that infants who are given penicillin at birth form IgM penicilloyl‐specific serum antibodies much less frequently and in lower titres than occur after penicillin therapy later

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1970.tb15024.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY.—The guinea‐pig was used as a model for the analysis of flare and rash reactions observed after intravenous injections of DNBSO3Na in animals with a contact allergy to dinitrochlorbenzene. Histological and pharmacological studies could not confirm the mechanism of an Arthus type of reaction.It is suggested that in addition to allergic mechanisms non‐specific and non‐allergic phenomena may also play a role in provoking the clinical symptoms of flare and rash in hypersensitive

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1970.tb15025.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY.—One hundred and two cases of pachyonychia with onycholysis were studied both histologically and histochemically on transverse sections of the extremities of the nail.Globular structures were found in the ventral nail formed by the hyperkeratosis of the hyponychium which was considerably thickened. They seem to arise in the intercellular spaces. These structures coalesce and enlarge. They react like neutral and acid mucopolysaccharides. These clumps, previously described by Zaias in psoriasis of the nail, are also found in several cutaneous hyperkeratotic diseases. Their dermal origin has not been confirme

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1970.tb15026.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY.—Single psoriatic lesions were analysed planimetrically and auto‐radiographically after3H‐thymidine labelling. The results indicate maximum alterations of epidermis and papillary body in the centre of a lesion. Epidermal volume values are elevated at the periphery while the papillary body is still normal. After stripping, the proliferative activity of the peripheral epidermis increases in proportion to epidermal volume, while no stimulatory effect can be exerted in the centre of a lesion. Comparison of several lesions reveals large differences for volume values and between single rete pegs for3H‐thymidine labelling. The role of an epidermal defect in evoking the changes is di

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1970.tb15027.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY.—The characteristic fine structure of the viruses which infect the skin is demonstrated by several methods of specimen preparation. The older methods of negative staining with phosphotungstate and of fixation of fresh tissue with osmium followed by thin sectioning are compared with a new method of electron microscopy of old tissue sections originally prepared for light microscopy.By using the appropriate technique, a clinical diagnosis can be confirmed in an electron microscopy laboratory using either vesicle fluid, fresh tissue, crusts, or even old formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded, stained histological sections. Representative electron micrographs of the pox viruses: molluscum contagiosum, vaccinia, smallpox, milkers' nodules; of herpes simplex; of human papilloma; and of the possible virus of lupus erythematosus are pres

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1970.tb15028.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY.—Differentiation of the pemphigus group of diseases from other bullous dermatoses is established by (1) blister spreading. (2) immuno‐fluorescence, (3) general clinical and pathological criteria.Differentiation between the pemphigus diseases: pemphigus vulgitris, vegetans, foliaceus, erythematosus, chronicus and conjunctivae is established by (1) site of artificial bulla after spreading. (2) acantholysis. (3) site of fluorescent antibody binding, (4) specific clinical and pathological crite

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1970.tb15029.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY