摘要:

SummaryDapsone is useful in the treatment of a number of inflammatory conditions which are characterized by neutrophil infiltration. It is the drug of choice for suppression of the symptoms of dermatitis herpetiformis, as it inhibits the process by which neutrophils leave the circulation and migrate to lesional sites. It also prevents the tissue destruction normally caused by the neutrophils' respiratory burst. Although dapsone can cause a number of serious idiosyncratic reactions, such as agranulocytosis, tolerance of the drug at higher doses is more usually determined by its haematological side‐effects of methaemoglobinaemia and haemolysis. These effects are due entirely to the hepatic N‐hydroxylation of dapsone to a hydroxylamine metabolite, some of which escapes from the liver and rapidly enters red cells. Attempts have been made to counteract the haemotoxic effects of the metabolite by the use of antioxidants such as vitamins E and C. Recently, the co‐administration of a metabolic inhibitor such as cimetidine has been shown to reduce significantly dapsone‐dependent methaemoglobinaemia, without any change in drug efficacy. It remains to be seen if this approach will be adopted clinically, to improve patient tolerance of high dapsone

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb00476.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA strong association between acute guttate psoriasis and group A, β‐haemolytic streptococcal infections is well established. Furthermore, streptococcal M proteins and toxins have been shown to act as superantigens, stimulating subpopulations of T lymphocytes expressing particular Vβ families.We have therefore studied the possible role of streptococcal superantigens in psoriasis by staining peripheral T lymphocytes and skin sections from patients with guttate or chronic plaque psoriasis for the expression of nine TCR Vβ families, using a range of monoclonal antibodies.A marked over‐representation of Vβ2+T lymphocytes was observed in the dermis and epidermis of patients in both groups, when compared with T lymphocytes in their peripheral blood. A less marked dermal increase in Vβ5.1+T lymphocytes was also observed in these patients. These findings are consistent with the involvement of a superantigen, possibly streptococcal, in the pathogenesis of p

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb00477.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryKeratinocyte/leucocyte interactions have become an area of intense investigations in the last decade. However, few convenientin vitromodels are available at present. We have therefore designed a novelin vitrosystem for autologous human keratinocyte/leucocyte co‐culture. Non‐invasive epidermal cell sampling was achieved by using outer root sheath cells from hair follicles. After one passage, pure keratinocyte cultures (no Langerhans cells or melanocytes) were obtained. Co‐culture experiments were performed on a Transwell system: keratinocytes were grown on the porous cupula, and then laid on to wells containing leucocytes. Alternatively, leucocytes can be added to the cupula when contact interactions between the two cell types are to be investigated.Using this system, we demonstrated thatPhaesolus vulgarisphytohaemagglutinin‐activated T lymphocytes (with 10% monocytes) in the lower compartment induced intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM‐1) and HLA‐DR expression, and inhibited methyl‐3H‐thymidine incorporation in normal human autologous keratinocytes cultured on the cupula. These changes were mediated by soluble factors (no cell contacts between keratinocytes and leucocytes), and required lymphocyte activation.This is the first directin vitroevidence for leucocyte‐induced ICAM‐1 and HLA‐DR expression on keratinocytes. This system is a potential tool for the study of keratinocyte/leucocyte interactions. The technique is easy to perform, keratinocyte and leucocyte responses can be assessed separately (proliferation, surface antigen expression), experiments within a given donor can easily be reproduced, and this model lends itself to a vast range of different ex

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb00478.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe infiltration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) into the upper dermis which characterizes the skin lesions of dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) has never been satisfactorily explained. This study has shown that lesional skin of patients with DH has increased expression of endothelial leucocyte adhesion molecules (ELAM) in the deep dermis, combined with a markedly increased staining for interleukin 8 (IL‐8) in the basal epidermal layer. Dendritic cells which stained for granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (CM‐CSF) were also observed at the dermo‐epidermal junction. and this phenomenon was more pronounced in lesional than in uninvolved DH skin. ELAM. IL‐8 and GM‐CSF are known to promote infiltration and activation of PMN, and it is suggested that these cytokines may play a key role in the generation of D

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb00479.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe aetiological role ofMalassezia furfurin various dermatoses is controversial. The role of the three serovars ofM. furfurinMalassezia‐associated diseases has not been investigated. This study measured population densities ofM. furfurserovars A. Band C. propionibacteria andMicrococcaceaeon the chest, back, forehead, left and right cheeks of 10 patients with pityriasis versicolor, and 10 age‐ and sexmatched controls: and 10 patients with seborrhoeic dermatitis, and 10 age‐ and sex‐matched controls. The population densities ofM. furfur. propionibacteria andMicrococcaceaedid not vary at a given site between patients and the corresponding control subjects.Malassezia furfuserovar A was found to be the predominant isolate on the chest and back of all four groups. but there was no difference in the distribution of serovars on the forehead and cheeks. No serovar was specifically associated with lesional skin in either disease. Thus, this data indicated that there was no difference in either the total population density ofM. furfuror the distribution of serovars on lesional skin compared with control skin in either pityriasis versicolor or seborrhoeic der

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb00480.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe presence of human Merkel cells in the eccrine ridges and eccrine germs was studied, using antibodies to simple epithelial keratins, in separated epidermal sheets with attached eccrine ducts. The localization of Merkel cells could be analysed three‐dimensionally in the wet, whole‐mount of the stained sheets. In the plantar skin of a 12‐week‐old human fetus, immunoreactive (ir‐) Merkel cells were randomly located in the flattened epidermis. In the plantar skin of a 15‐week‐old human fetus, there was early development of eccrine germs, and Merkel cells were concentrated in eccrine gland ridges. In the plantar skin of a 20‐week‐old human fetus, eccrine germs were well formed and ir‐ Merkel cells were located within the developing eccrine ridges and ducts. In the plantar skin of adults, the eccrine concentration of Merkel cells was markedly reduced. Concentration of Merkel cells on the eccrine structures was also observed in the scalp skin of human fetuses. This tendency continued into adult life, although there was a marked reduction in the total number of Merkel cells. These findings suggest that epidermal Merkel cells move down into the eccrine ducts as eccrine germs extend into the mesenchyme. Alternatively, they may developde novofrom the keratinocytes of the eccrine duct. In view of the expression of nerve growth factor receptor in fetal Merkel cells, it is postulated that these eccrine gland Merkel cells play a role in the formation of the perigla

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb00481.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIn this study, we characterized the stratum corneum barrier function in 39 patients with various keratinization disorders (autosomal dominant ichthyosis vulgaris [ADI] [n=7]. X‐linked recessive ichthyosis [XRI] [n=6], autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis [C1] [N=10]. dyskeratosis follicularis [Darier's disease: DD] [n=8], erythrokeratoderma variabilis [EKV] [n=8]). and 21 healthy volunteers, using two non‐invasive methods: transepidermal water loss (TEWL) measuring outward transport of water through the skin by evaporimetry. and the vascular response to hexyl nicotinate (HN) penetration into the skin as determined by laser‐Doppler flowmetry.Significantly increased TEWL values were found on the volar forearm in all three forms of ichthyosis, compared with the healthy control group, with the highest TEWL values in the CI group. The penetration of HN on the volar forearm was accelerated in patients with ADI. XRI and CI, as indicated by a shorter lag time (to) between HN application and initial vascular response. However, differentiation between CI and the other ichthyoses was not possible by this method. When using both methods in DD and EKV. no differences compared with the healthy controls could be detected on the volar forearm, where the skin was principally unaffected: only the measurements from the affected skin on alternative sites demonstrated significantly increased TEWL values. In ADI and CI. however, normal‐appearing skin also showed impaired values.We conclude that both TEWL and the vascular response to penetration of HN are suitable methods to monitor the skin barrier function in keratinization disorders, and are helpful in discriminating between these di

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb00482.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe reaction of the skin water barrier to dermal inflammation was studied in 15 healthy volunteers. Dermal inflammation was induced either by injection of tuberculin (Mantoux test) or by a 24‐h sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) patch test on the volar forearm. Measurement of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) was used for evaluation of the skin barrier function. Inflammation was quantified by assessment of blood flow by laser‐Doppler flowmetry. Measurement from uninvolved skin in the test region>7 cm distant from the test sites served as control. Measurements were performed twice, separated by an interval of 6 days. Throughout the study. TEWL values were higher in the SLS test sites than in the Mantoux reactions, although the blood flow was significantly increased in Mantoux reactions compared with SLS test sites. This indicates that the impaired skin barrier function caused by SLS is due to a direct cytotoxic effect, and TEWL were significantly higher on the arm with the Mantoux test than the arm with SLS patch test. The significant inflammation caused by the Mantoux reaction may cause functional alterations in the clinically normal skin>7 cm distant from the test a

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb00483.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIn this study, the role of mechanical trauma to skin in industrial dermatitis is considered. The percussive component of mechanical trauma to skin is investigated by modelling it, using an oscillating device which can supply a range of percussive trauma doses. The instrument is electronically controlled, and contains sensors which monitor the force and displacement throughout each impact. From this information, a value proportional to the dose delivered to the skin is calculated and used, rather than the driving power of the percussor. The rate of dose is also controlled. In this study, doses were delivered at a frequency of 7 Hz. Eight volunteers were given regimens of percussive trauma at regular intervals over a 5‐day period. Half the group received a dose of 4 mJ/cm2per impact, the other half received double this dose. The skin response was evaluated using non‐invasive measurements of transepidermal water loss, skin thickness, and erythema. The results demonstrate that erythema, skin thickness and transepidermal water loss are all increased after mechanical challenge—erythema and water loss by amounts dependent upon the trauma dose applied. The transepidermal water loss results indicate that for the subjects used in our study, there was a trauma threshold reached after a cumulative dose of greater than 250

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb00484.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe occurrence of zinc‐induced synthesis of metallothionein in skin after topical application of the anti‐acne drug Zineryt® lotion was investigated in hamster ears. The dinitrophenyl hapten‐sandwich immunohistochemical method involving a monoclonal anti‐metallothionein (MT) antibody (E9) was used to detect and localize zinc‐binding MT in the ‘treated’ and untreated hamster skin. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry and dithizone histochemistry indicated that zinc penetrated the skin more readily, and accumulated more efficiently within the sebaceous glands, when applied to the skin surface as the organo‐zinc complex, rather than as the inorganic zinc salt. MT and zinc had similar distributions in hamster skin exposed to the metal. Thus, MT immunoreactivity was especially intense in the sebaceous glands of Zineryt® lotion‐treated skin, with evidence of nuclear distribution in some cells. Zinc delivered to the sebaceous glands, and released from the organo‐complex under the prevailing aqueous conditions, certainly induced MT synthesis; the cysteine‐rich protein may protect the pilosebaceous units during the inflammatory phase of acne by scavenging gener

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb00485.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY