摘要:

SummaryEndothelial leucocyte adhesion molecule‐1 (ELAM‐1) is a recently described endothelial surface glycoprotein which is inducible by interleukin 1 (IL‐1). tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) or bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Using an immunohistochemical technique and a monoclonal antibody (1.2B6) specific for ELAM‐1 we have found marked vascular endothelial expression of ELAM‐1 in many cutaneous inflammatory disorders, including allergic contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis and psoriasis, and in dermal infiltrates associated with benign, premalignant and malignant keratinocyte proliferation. In normal skin, minimal levels of ELAM‐1 expression were detected. In psoriasis, double immunoenzyme staining studies revealed a close spatial relationship between ELAM‐1 expression and neutrophil margination, suggesting a functional link. Recombinant human interferon‐7 (30 μg) injected intradermally in normal adult human volunteers did not substantially upregulate ELAM‐1 in contrast to its marked effect on intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) expression, indicating that this cytokine is probably not involved in ELAM‐1 induction in vivo. These results indicate that ELAM‐1 is widely induced in cutaneous inflammation with a time course of expression that is longer than that observedin vitro.As ELAM‐1 acts as an adhesion ligand for neutrophils. and perhaps monocytes. the expression of this molecule in cutaneous lesions is likely to he an indication of the ability of vascular endothelium to recruit these cells from the circulation. Furthermore, the cytokine inducibility of ELAM‐1 is indirect evidence for functional interactions between perivascular mononuclear cells, other resid

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1991.tb00419.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryElevated activity of cyclic adenosine monophosphate‐specific phosphodiesterase (PDE) has been previously documented in the peripheral blood mononuclear leucocytes (MNLs) of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). Because of the potential interactions of the cyclic nucleotide and inositol secondary messenger systems we sought to determine whether differences exist in inositol uptake and metabolism between atopic and normal MNLs. We found no difference in the uptake of tritiated inositol by MNL between 19 atopic patients and 16 non‐atopic control subjects. However, after stimulation of MNLs by concanavalin A, there was a significantly greater metabolism of inositol to inositol‐1‐phosphate (IP1) in the controls compared to the atopic MNLs; the mean percentage rise in the IP1fraction over baseline levels was 40% in the atopics, but almost 200% in controls after 2 h. Diminished inositol metabolism in atopic MNLs may explain the reduced cell‐mediated immunity that characterizes the ato

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1991.tb00420.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryBasal melanocytes were counted and atypia assessed on an arbitrary scale in punch biopsies from the sun‐exposed extensor aspect of the forearm of normal skin and from the covered skin of the buttock of patients with pigmented naevi and control subjects. The difference in melanocyte counts and in the presence of atypia between sun‐exposed and covered skin was statistically highly significant. The only other difference was between melanocyte counts in covered skin from those with multiple atypical naevi and all other groups; the counts in the former were greater than those in the latter. No further difference was attributable to sun exposure, skin type or diagnostic group. Some degree of melanocyte atypia was seen in approximately half of the biopsies of sun‐exposed skin, but atypia was seen in only six of 84 biopsies of covered skin. In each case atypia was present in the corresponding forearm biopsy and all six subjects had pigmented lesions (four with melanoma and two with multiple atypical naevi). It seems possible that while increased melanocyte counts in covered skin could correlate with the presence of atypical naevi, atypia of covered epidermal melanocytes could possibly relate to melanoma

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1991.tb00421.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe very late antigens, or VLA proteins, are a family of cell surface heterodimers (α1–6β1) that mediate cell adhesion to specific components of the extracellular matrix (collagens, fibronectin, laminin). In normal human epidermis, the common VLA β1subunit is expressed on basal keratinocytes (BK). Langerhans cells (LC) and melanocytes. By means of light and electron microscopic immunostaining procedures, we have investigated the distribution of VLA α1,2,3,4,6subunits on normal human adult and foetal epidermal cells, α1antigen expression was not observed on any epidermal cell type. Both during foetal development and in adult epidermis, α2and α3were strongly expressed on the cell membrane of BK, while α6was mainly expressed at their dermal pole. These different patterns of distribution suggest that the α6subunit may mediate BK anchorage to the basement membrane zone, while the α2and α3subunits may also be involved in intercellular adhesion. Moreover, with immunoelectron microscopy, LC were seen to be weakly α4and α6positive and melanocytes were α3and α6positive. Thus, VLA proteins are expressed by epidermal cells in a cell‐type‐specific pattern that could be related to particular functional rol

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1991.tb00422.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryVarious parameters of hair growth were determined every 28 days for 18 months in 14 healthy Caucasian men aged 18–39 with indoor occupations in Sheffield, U. K. (latitude 53.4°N). In the scalp the proportion of follicles in anagen reached a single peak of over 90% in March, and fell steadily to a trough in September. The number of shed hairs reached a peak around August/September, when least follicles were in anagen. At this time the average loss of hairs was about 60 per day, more than double that during the preceding winter. The rate of growth of the beard was lowest in January and February and increased steadily from March to July to reach a peak about 60% above the winter level. The rate of growth of thigh hair showed a similar pattern though with less pronounced differences. No seasonal fluctuations in finger‐ or toenail growth were dete

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1991.tb00423.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe naevus profile was examined in a Swedish population that was randomly selected from a census file. The participation rate was considered high at 82%. The number of common naevi (CN) and the prevalence of dysplastic naevi (DN) were investigated in 379 subjects (aged 30–50 years). The mean total body count of CN2 mm was 67 (range 1–300). As many as 22% of the population had 100 naevi or more and only 18% had less than 25. The counts were not influenced by age or sex. DN were diagnosed clinically in 18% (CI 14–22%) of the subjects and histologically in 8% (CI 5–11%). Subjects with dysplastic naevi had a significantly larger number of common naevi and a more sun‐sensitive skin type than subjects without DN

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1991.tb00424.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryDisease‐associated autoantibodies to basement membrane proteins have been used to characterize structural components of the epidermal basement membrane such as bullous pemphigoid (BP) antigen and epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) antigen (type VII collagen). The autoimmune bullous diseases characterized by IgA autoantibodies to the basement membrane zone (BMZ). i. e. linear IgA disease of adults (LAD) and chronic bullous disease of childhood (CBDC) may have circulating antibodies. Previous studies of tissue distribution and ultrastructural binding have suggested that the LAD and CBDC antigens are similar, if not identical, and differ from the target antigens of the other bullous diseases. We present the molecular characterization of the LAD/CBDC antigens by Western blotting of a large series of antisera. Seven of 33 sera (21%) were positive on immunoblotting and bound to the same antigen which has a molecular weight (MW) of 285 kDa. Using both defined polyclonal antisera to BP and LH 7.2 monoclonal antibody to type VII collagen (carboxy terminal) we have shown that the LAD and CBDC antisera both bind to an identical molecular weight protein which clearly differs from both the BP and EBA (type VII collagen) antigens. Although detectable in dermal tissue extracts like EBA, the MW of 285 kDa is heavier than type VII collagen (250 kDa, in our system, using non‐collagenous standards). This study confirms the identity of LAD and CBDC antigens to be the same and to differ from previously described basement membrane prote

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1991.tb00425.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummarySerum was obtained from 21 normal and 22 psoriatic subjects, and the severity of skin disease in the psoriatic patients was recorded using the PASI score. The scores ranged from 1.8 to 51.0. The growth stimulatory effect of the sera on normal dermal fibroblasts in cell culture was assessed by measuring [3H]‐thymidine uptake. Each serum was assessed at four concentrations (2, 5, 10, 20%). The psoriatic sera were more growth stimulatory than normal sera, but this difference was statistically significant (P>0.02) only at 20% serum concentration. Eleven of the 22 psoriatic serum samples had a mitogenic effect greater than the mean ± 2 SEM of all the normal sera: these sera were from patients with PASI scores of 4.5–51.0. Six of these psoriatic subjects were recalled after 5 months: their PASI scores were reassessed, and the mitogenic effect of new serum samples was compared with that of the initial samples. All of these patients displayed a change in serum mitogenic effect, but this was not consistent with the change in severity of skin disease over the corresponding time period. In one subject, the severity of the psoriasis had increased marginally over the 5 months, while the mitogenic effect of her serum decreased significantly (mean counts of 43808 vs. 32660;P= 0.0

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1991.tb00426.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe behaviour of aged skin transplanted onto nude mice was investigated to determine whether the skin maintains its histological features. Split‐thickness skin grafts obtained from the unexposed skin on the thighs of healthy aged and young volunteers were grafted onto nude mice. A significant difference between the mean thickness of young versus aged epidermis was noted before transplantation (P<0.001). The epidermis of aged and young skin showed an increase in thickness following engraftment with a mean increase in epidermal thickness of 18.8% in the young (P<0.01) and 142.5% in aged skin (P<0.001). The number of blood vessels in the aged skin was significantly lower than in the young skin, but a remarkable increase was found post‐transplantation. These findings indicate that part of the typical histological changes of unexposed aged skin are reversi

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1991.tb00427.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryImmunohistochemical studies were carried out on cutaneous glomus tumours from 10 patients. The glomus areas in these tumours reacted strongly with anti‐smooth muscle (CGA‐7), anti‐muscle (HHF‐35) and anti‐vimentin antibodies. Their neural supply was analysed using several nervous tissue markers (anti‐neurone specific enolase, anti‐S 100, anti‐Leu 7, anti‐neurofilaments). The results indicate a sprouting and proliferation rather than entrapment of pre‐ex

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1991.tb00428.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY