ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1973.tb00953.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study will seek to encourage communication scholars to take a more active interest in insuring optimum health care for society to the extent that communication can contribute to that accomplishment. It will seek to specify the kinds of communication taking place in physician‐patient relationships, identify the major variables relating to the communication process of that relationship and suggest possible directions the relationship and the research may be taking. Three basic statements emerge. First, in seeking to successfully deal with a persistent health care problem, we must come to grips with communication as a significant variable. Second, although we know something about communication in the patient‐physician arena, we need to know much more. Third, communication researchers can make important contributions in the ongoing struggle of a modern generation to cope with its medical i

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1973.tb00954.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Success in medical therapeutics depends heavily upon whether the doctor and patient adequately communicate their expectations of one another. Communication serves as the mechanism for the necessary, constant renegotiation of their interpersonal contract if the therapy is of more than brief duration. This implicit contract is necessary for assuring a sufficiently equitable, gratifying relationship that each will do his part to accomplish therapeutic success. This paper discusses characteristics of effective doctor‐patient communication, the process of “spiraling down” or progressive failure of communication, and the manner in which such a process may be reversed. Immediate attention needs to be given to the teaching of communication principles in programs of medical educ

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1973.tb00955.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

One application of the concepts and principles of information theory to psychiatry and psychotherapy is shown. It is argued that students of information theory and of psychiatry and psychology can work together to elucidate the phenomenon of ambiguity tolerance and to begin approaching a “theory” of disordered communication arising from low levels of ambiguity tolerance.After a brief review of the key concepts of information theory, the thinking of psychiatrists, psychologists and information theorists with regard to the phenomenon of ambiguity tolerance is integrated. It is shown that by utilizing concepts and approaches gleaned from both fields it is possible to predict an individual's responses to ambiguity. These include shielding oneself from information by withdrawal, by making formal and informal commitments to social institutions, by subscribing to an ideology, and by utilizing linguistic devices (e.g., oversimplification in the form of stereotypes and clichés, literalness and two‐valued thinking) as information shields. Further, it is possible to predict the consequences of these responses to ambiguity, including self‐containment, inhibition, affective frigidity, redundancy‐dependence, avoidance of intimacy and personal rigidity. The origins of low ambiguity tolerance in family settings and under conditions of psychological stress are discussed. Finally, it is shown that by utilizing knowledge and concepts from both fields, it is possible to sketch broad approaches to therapeutic treatment of disordered communication arising from low levels of ambiguity

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1973.tb00956.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A theoretical‐conceptual model is presented which conceptualizes communication as supporting organization processes in natural groups but particularly in dyads. Thayer's perspective on communication is employed to conceptualize an idea of communication process based on attentiveness and feedback which escalates in intensity. A systemic model of communication process is developed from this which is adduced to account for the ability of communication of specified types to differentially integrate activity and enable affectional expression in the dyad. Development is then conceptualized as the emergence or appearance of those types of communication that can so organize and integrate a dyad to a high degree. A methodological strategy for operationalizing such a scheme is presented in some detail. The matter of structure in dyads is discussed as commitments consequent from the successive definitions of the relationship. Finally, some hypotheses for the investigation of developmental processes in pre‐marital dyads are offe

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1973.tb00957.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Self‐disclosure is a relatively infrequent form of communication but one which is claimed to be important in a variety of contexts. Various writers have identified individuals' ability and willingness to self‐disclose as determinants of their personal health and satisfaction, success in being understood and working competently with others, and ability to provide communication experiences which others find satisfying and therapeutic. This paper summarizes the contributions of the self‐disclosure literature for an understanding of self‐disclosing communication. Although this literature is extensive, a considerable portion of it is irrelevant from a communication perspective. Conceptualizations of self‐disclosure differ in important ways, making it difficult to compare studies. Further, much of the research studied self‐disclosure as a personality trait rather than a process of communication or analyzed exchanges of messages in terms of a linear model of communication. The present study explicates a conceptualization of self‐disclosure as an invitation to share experience and communication as an interpersonal transaction. Five generalizations about self‐disclosing communication consistent with these conceptualizations are drawn from the literature. The utility of the review for analyses of particular communication proble

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1973.tb00958.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study develops the most efficient predictor sets for the leisure activities of 363 tenth grade teenagers from four high schools in Santa Clara County, California. The results indicate that media play a relatively small part in teenage lives. Interpersonal discussion is a major component of almost all teenage leisure behavior. Different cognitive styles predict different behavior: intelligence correlates highly with print consumption while creativity is strongly associated with non‐media pursuits (e.g., clubs and hobbies). Socio‐economic variables are less powerful in prediction equations than the interrelationship of all measured leisure time activities. As much as 40 percent of the variance is explained in a leisure activity, but refinement of communication measures, validation of predictive relationshpis, and longitudinal extension of the study design are recommen

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1973.tb00959.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Within the scarce literature concerning verbal aggression, there is some indication that verbal and physical aggression may have similar inhibitions conditioned to each. Two experiments were carried out to explore this possible relationship. In the first, middle and lower socioeconomic status (SES) adolescent boys were exposed to televised physical aggression with and without consequences to the victim shown. In the second experiment, middle and lower SES adolescent boys were exposed to televised verbal and physical aggression. For both studies, intensity of post‐viewing verbal and physical aggression was measured. The hypothesized relationship between physical and verbal aggression was minimally supported. In only the second study was the previously well documented stimulative effect of viewing television violence clearly shown. Several questions are raised and research directions are suggested to better understand verbal aggression as it is related to physical aggression and televised violenc

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1973.tb00960.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The present investigation was concerned with the effect of using profanity in a communication on receiver attitude change and speaker credibility ratings. Results of the investigation found no support for the superiority of a persuasive communication using profanity of a religious, excretory, or sexual nature over the same communication devoid of such profanity. It was found, however, that if one of the above three types of profanity is included in a communication, greater attitude change can be expected to occur if the communicator is a female using any one of the three profanity‐types mentioned than if the communicator is a male using the same types of profanity. Finally, it was found that using profanity in a communication generally has a detrimental effect on the perceived credibility of the communicato

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1973.tb00961.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Westley's recent criticism of an earlier article by Darnell is not responsive to the important ideas in that article, but it does highlight differences in some philosophical assumptions worthy of consideration.

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1973.tb00962.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY