ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1973.tb00938.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDue to misunderstandings and an insufficiently explicated methodological base, the unique and important role of interpretive methods in the behavioral sciences has been often overlooked. By distinguishing interpretive‐understanding from subjective insights based on empathy and from explanations based on normative paradigms, the present essay elucidates the methodological foundation of investigations which have as a goal more complete understanding of observed behavior. Human behavior is to be understood by explicating the objective world of implied human possibilities and commitments which arise with the behavior. The essay concludes by considering objectivity, validity, and verification in terms of interpretive‐understanding and presenting basic methodological principles for interpretive stud

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1973.tb00939.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCushman and Whiting's analysis of rules represents an important movement from monadic to dyadic concepts in explaining patterns of communication behavior. However, several criticisms of their article are warranted. First, implications of such an orientation for research are inadequately discussed. Second, sociolinguistics is an unmentioned discipline also studying rules. Third, Cushman and Whiting's concept of communication behavior is too limited. Drawing from semiotics and “behavior exchange,” rules regulating costs and rewards accruing to the communicators from the relationship are shown to be an important part in communication. A search for rules involving meaning will be confounded by concurrent operation of rules involving hedonic outcomes. Fourth, complex patterns of interpersonal communication require the concept of hierarchially ordered contracts, consisting of a few fundamental rules, several sets of rules governing interaction in specific situations, and switching cues used to move from one subset to another. Simply identifying rules is not adequate to describe or explain communication in contra

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1973.tb00940.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe plan of this paper is to demonstrate that human language is a complex phenomena which is unique to man and that the properties of human language represent a new level of cognitive organization vis‐a‐vis evolutionary theory. The linguistic continuities and discontinuities between man and other species on the phylogenetic scale are described and it is postulated that given the present state of knowledge, traditional learning theory extrapolations cannot adequately account for the discontinuous nature of human language. Man's linguistic discontinuity is discussed in a speculative way to determine what laws of organization and neurosensorimotor mechanisms might account for the human acquisition of language. The implications of evolutionary theory for behavior modification techniques are discus

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1973.tb00941.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDarnell's recent article is neither a reconceptualization nor for that matter a conceptualization, and that there is in it in fact nothing new. Included are examples that should send a critical reader back to Darnell and back to the problem he raises‐the adequacy of present theoretical formulations in our fiel

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1973.tb00942.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCommunication is conceptualized as symbolic interaction and the attributes of the social system sub‐unit performing the communication function are described in terms of content, structure and process. Information or knowledge of patterned relationships between phenomena is seen as the basic dependent variable of the communication process. A myriad of social and non‐social variables that influence the amount and use of available information constitute facilities for communication. Symbolic role‐taking, having varying degrees of explicitness, is suggested as an essential element of the communication process which may be operationally defined as made up of two basic variables, congruency and accuracy, from which the composite variables of mutuality and understanding can be de

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1973.tb00943.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:The Science of Behavior and the Image of Man.By Isidor Chein.Transactions: The Interplay Between Individual, Family, and Society.By John Spiegel, edited by John Papajohn.The Social Animal.By Elliot Aronson.Steps to An Ecology of Mind.By Gregory Bateson.Approaches to Human Communication.Edited by Richard W. Budd and Brent D. Ruben.The War With Words: Structure and Transcendence.By Harley C. Shands.Communication—The Study of Human Interaction.By C. David Mortense

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1973.tb00944.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY