ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1972.tb00138.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSix modelsof group process as described by Theodore Mills are discussed in terms of the metaphors they employ. The possible development of another model is suggested, one which may meet the needs Mills sees as left unmet by those he explicates; namely, the existential model. This model, based on the metaphor of encounter, appears to be appropriate for the study of communication in groups, providing as it does humanistic rather than mechanistic or organismic metaphors for the investigator. Certain fundamental concepts of existentialism are described, and an example is given from current literature of the employment, even if not explicitly existential, of these concepts. Better understanding on the part of investigators of the philosophical origins and bases of such ideas as that of encounter is urged.

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1972.tb00139.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn experimentwas conducted to determine whether reluctance to transmit an overheard message intended for a stranger depends on (1) fear of negative evaluation by that stranger and (2) fear of the message's anticipated consequences for him. It was reasoned that a messenger would fear negative evaluation if he were identified by the recipient. The hypothesis that bad news would be transmitted less completely and spontaneously than good news was supported. Unexpectedly, anonymity did not interact with news content. Instead, greater communication occurred under nonanonymity than under anonymity. These findings, along with some supportive correlational data, are reinterpreted from an attribution‐theoretical viewpoin

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1972.tb00140.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe relative amount of timepeople spend in workday activities was estimated by both an observational and questionnaire method. Results from professional, technical, administrative and clerical people in a communications research and development laboratory show that 50%–80% of the workday is spent in communicating, two‐thirds of that in talking. People tend to underestimate time spent talking and overestimate time spent reading and writing. Telephone and equipment use is estimated correctly on the average. People in one‐man offices and laboratories spend more time talking than people in multi‐man offices, but this result is confounded with supervisor

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1972.tb00141.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRecent researchsuggests that a few R&D professionals serve as communication nodes for their organizations. A study of these special communicators revealed that they were seen to have more value as information sources to their colleagues. The hypothesis, that individuals with high information source value have exposure to both a greater number of and a greater diversity of information sources, was investigated and was generally supported by research data collected by questionnaire in three separate R&D organizations.

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1972.tb00142.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn two factorial experiments, adult, male Ss, aged 18–25 listened to tape recorded passages presented at different rates of speech. Experiment 1 studied the effects of speech rate upon immediate retention, by a total of 204 high and low aptitude (AFQT) men, of material having readability of grade levels 6.0, 8.5, and 14.5. Results indicated that low aptitude men learned the easier material better than the difficult material as a function of decreased speech rate. High aptitude men appeared to learn material best at around 175 wpm, independent of difficulty. Experiment 2 examined interactions of speech rate, aptitude and the association strength of nouns in sentences on immediate retention, using a total of 138 men. Results indicated that high aptitude men lost disproportionately more material of low association strength than did low aptitude men when the speech rate was increased from 175 to 325 wpm. The study and results are discussed with respect to their implications for information processing strategies of high and low aptitude me

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1972.tb00143.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis studyinvestigated the occurrence of feedback as a sequential event in both Japanese American and Caucasian American small group discussions. Previous research had indicated that feedback was measurable within a process orientation, and that Japanese cultural variables could affect the occurrence of feedback. The obtained results provided support for the experimental hypothesis that Japanese American groups manifest significantly less feedback behavior than Caucasian American groups when indexed by teams of coder‐observers. The concept of “Enryo” and a characteristic Japanese family code of conduct are introduced as possible factors influencing Japanese American communic

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1972.tb00144.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1972.tb00145.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Perspectives on theGroupProcess: A FoundationForCounseling withGroups.By C. Gratton KempGroups andOrganizations: IntegratedReadings in theAnalysis ofSocialBehavior. By Bernard L. Hinton and H. Joseph ReitzSmallGroupPerformance.By Thornton B. RobyGroupDynamics: ThePsychology ofSmallGroupBehavior.By Marvin E. Shaw.ProblemSolving andCreativity: InIndividuals andGroups.By Norman R. F. MaierHereComesEverybody.By William C. Schutz.

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1972.tb00146.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1972.tb00147.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY