ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1970.tb00880.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1970.tb00881.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThirty maleand thirty‐three female college students were run in a 3 × 5 factorial design. The three classes of stimuli were personal, pleasant, and aversive words, and the five treatment conditions were Reading, Listening, Writing, Speaking and Evaluating. The stimuli (except for the Listening condition which employed a tape recorder) were presented by tachistoscopic slide projection, in successive random drawings for each treatment. The physiological measurements were taken by a Fels Dermohmeter and a Gilford Cardiotachometer.The data were analyzed by analysis of variance. The five modes of communication were found to be in an increasing order of GSR arousal as follows: Reading, Listening, Writing, Speaking, Evaluating. Listening and Writing have significantly more arousal than Reading at the .05 level of significance. Listening and Writing were not significantly different from each other, but Speaking was significantly greater than those two modes at the .01 level, and Evaluating was significantly greater than Speaking at the .01 level. The GSR data also showed that personal words produced more arousal than either pleasant or aversive words at the .01 level of significance.Heart rate measures failed to establish significant differences between the five modes of communication or the three categories of stimulus words. However, individual words did show significant patterns among the communication modes. Some patterns were beyond the .05 level and one was beyond the .01 lev

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1970.tb00882.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCommunication researchrequires data that are rich enough to contain explicit evidence aboutprocesses of communication.The paper formally distinguishes among and discusses three kinds of data:aggregational data(such as accumulated in much of psychological inquiries, small group experiments and survey research) andnetwork data(representing observable patterns of interest to relational biology and sociology, for example) are found to be not rich enough to qualify ascommunication dataproper.The paper describes anelementary formof communication data that would contain explicit evidence about the process in question. It exposes some conceptual degenerations in communication research as a consequence of heavy reliance on inadequate data. Pointing to the fact that the advancement of knowledge is critically linked to the ability to process a certain kind of data, the paper concludes that communication research must develop new analytical techniques that are compatible with its most basic concept: communication.

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1970.tb00883.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFive dimensionsof personality‐agreeableness, conscientiousness, culture, extroversion, and emotional stability‐were varied and measured in an experimental study designed to investigate the dimensions of speaker credibility. Subject responses to two speakers representing opposite poles of the dimensions were correlated with a simple measure of attraction. The following relationship was found to be significant at the .01 level with a multiple correlation coefficient of .65: Attraction = Agreeableness (Culture + 1/2 Conscientiousness) Considering credibility as a subset of attraction, and assuming other subsets (e.g., propinquity, shared attitudes) constant during the experiment, the regression equation can be said to represent the dimensions of credibility. A subsequent study measuring the credibility of several 1968 Presidential candidates is reported as a partial validation of the study and a demonstration of its applicat

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1970.tb00884.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract“Mass communication”describes a relationship between a large, heterogeneous, and anonymous audience and the means used to communicate to that audience. The mass media serve this purpose. “Mass Communication” does not, however, adequately describe the more recent trend toward communication via the mass media to specific audiences tied together by some common bond. The bond might be the result of geographic proximity or intellectual mutuality. The concept of “mini‐comm” describes this newer development and is offered as a supplement to the more generic concept o

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1970.tb00885.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA skilltraining and a sensitivity training approach to improved effectiveness of performance in small groups were compared. No differcnce was found in the amount of improvement gained by participation in the different training approaches. Both training groups rated themselves as having significantly improved their group effectiveness while a no‐training control group showed no change. Group leaders, interacting with these students in small discussion sessions, also rated the students' performance as significantly improved after training. The ratings by group leaders of control students remained unchange

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1970.tb00886.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSix methodsfor increasing speech rate are presented. They are as follows. 1. Speech at a rate that is faster than normal may be obtained by pacing an oral reader at a rate that is faster than his normal reading rate. 2. The word rate of recorded speech may be increased by reproducing a tape or record at a speed that is faster than the speed used during recording. 3. The word rate of recorded speech may be increased by an electromechanical device that reproduces consecutive samples of a recorded tape. 4. Consecutive sampling may also be accomplished by a computer. 5. The word rate of synthesized speech may be manipulated by instructions in the program followed by a speech synthesizer. 6. The harmonic compressor increases word rate by a method of frequency division without temporal alteration, and frequency restoration with temporal alteration.

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1970.tb00887.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe university typically practices more effective communications than does industry. Neither the university nor industry is impressively successful in their communications efforts. Industrial leaders seem extensively concerned about, if not preoccupied with, effective communication. Nevertheless, the communications practices in many industries are commonly ineffective. University personnel, it is assumed, ought to possess the skills required to establish and maintain effective communications practices and patterns; however, the quality of the communications in contemporary higher education is disappointingly low. In both the university and industry, informal communications in informal situations seem to be the most significant. Rumors—their production, transmission and discussion—occupy an important, usually undesirable, role in industry. Industry tends to emphasize written communications more than does the university. The content of communications, both written and oral, is more varied in the university than it is in industry. Industrial managers are more concerned with the receivers of messages than are university leaders. Generally, neither group pays much attention to communications networks. Universities and industries are comparable in their reliance on small group communicat

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1970.tb00888.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Television inPolitics. By Jay G. Blumler and Denis McQuail.InterpersonalSpeech‐Communication. By John W. KeltnerIntroducion toBasicSpeech. By William K. GrastyResponsibility inMassCommunication, Revised Ed. By William L. Rivers and Wilbur SchrammJournalism inA FreeSociety. By Verne E. Edwards, Jr.SpeechScience: Acoustics inSpeech(2nd ed.). By Richard A. HoopsInformationTheory andEstheticPerception. By Abraham Moles, translated by Joel E. Cohen.TheElitePress, GreatNewspapers of theWorld. By John C. MerrillTheStudy ofForeignLanguages. Edited by Joseph S. RoucekGuidebook for theVolunteerReadingTeacher. By Lenore SleisingerHandbook for theVolunteerTutor. Compiled and edited by Sidney J. Rau

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1970.tb00889.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY