ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1973.tb00945.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper seeks to enlarge the domain of validity for the term ‘science’ in communication studies. A humanistic paradigm is offered to complement the subject matter, methological stance, and epistemic goals of the conventional, physicalistic paradigm of communication science. A human science of communication takes the formative experience of communicative praxis as its proper subject matter. Its methodological stance is characterized by participant‐observation, naturalistic procedures and substantive theory. Its primary goal is not ultimate knowledge of communication but ultimate concern for the human condition. A human science of communication therefore becomes a theme for the sociology of knowledge rather than another counterfeit of physical sc

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1973.tb00946.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A study was conducted to determine the adequacy of statistical testing in communication research. Every article published in the 1971–72 issues of the Journal of Communication was studied. For those studies employing statistical testing, we computed the power of those tests and the observed effect size. We found the average a priori power to be.55, a figure which is probably much lower than communication researchers would desire. While the average observed effect size was high, we found little evidence of its being used in the interpretation of findings. This study also discovered a large amount of inconsistency in the reporting of statistical findings; a condition which hampers any clear understanding of what the researcher did and what he found. In this regard we suggest some guidelines for presenting statistical dat

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1973.tb00947.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In order to examine the effects of mood on the transmission of good and bad news48femaleSs, recruited for an “aesthetics experiment,” overheard a message intended for anotherScontaining either good or had news, and were subsequently put into a pleasant or unpleasant mood. The results indicated that whenSs were confronted with the person for whom the message was intended(1)their mood tended to shift in a direction that was consistent with the affective nature of the message(p<.01); (2)good news was communicated more fully/spontaneously than bad news(p<.01);and(3) Ss in an initially unpleasant mood tended to communicate more spontaneously than Ss in a pleasant mood(p<.05),especially when the news was g

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1973.tb00948.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two experiments were conducted which assumed that persons with extremely high or low self‐esteem would be more defensive than moderate self‐esteem persons when receiving ego‐threatening communication. In Study I, students imagined themselves in situations in which a professor told them they had succeeded or failed on a test. For some students, success was attributed to excessive test ease, while, for others, success was attributed to high ability. For still other students, failure was either attributed to lack of ability or to excessive test difficulty. Within the Success‐Environment and Failure‐Environment conditions, significant curvilinear self‐esteem‐attraction relations were found. Study II replicated Study I. It was also found that the use of second person versus third person wordings of the simulated communication situations produced differential self‐esteem‐attraction relationships. Generally, the results were consistent with the ego

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1973.tb00949.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study extended previous research based on an aversive consequences interpretation of counterattitudinal advocacy effects by hypothesizing that persons who prepare counterattitudinal messages for an ostensibly familiar audience will report greater attitude change than persons who prepare messages for an unfamiliar audience. In addition, it was hypothesized that preparation of a message for an uncommitted audience would result in greater attitude change than preparation of a message for a committed audience, a prediction in line with previous findings. Thus, subjects prepared messages under one of four conditions: Familiar: Uncommitted, Familiar: Committed, Unfamiliar: Uncommitted, and Unfamiliar: Committed. The results supported both of the major hypotheses of the study.

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1973.tb00950.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The amount‐of‐information variable, central to the process of communication and decision making, was subjected to experimental study. Results confirm the common belief that people fail to utilize most of the information to which they have access, and suggest that certain kinds of people—as measured by their personality profiles‐are exceptionally efficient in the use of available informaton. For communicators, this suggests the advisability of either reducing persuasive appeals to highly succinct forms or rendering messages with sufficient ambiguity to arouse receivers'curiosity, hence their likelihood of ingesting additional, ambiguity‐reducing in

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1973.tb00951.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A fundamental principle of human communication is that source‐receiver similarity promotes communication effectiveness. But do perceived source‐receiver dissimilarities have instrumental value in enhancing the effectiveness of communication? This study demonstrates the application of a method for gauging the relationship between heterophily or source‐receiver dissimilarity and communication effectiveness and for identifying relevant dimensions of homophily/heterophily in achieving effective communication.One hundred ninety‐two Ss viewed three slides of widely‐differing college males, to whom three pre‐scaled neutral statements were randomly attributed. Measures were obtained of Ss ratings of themselves and these “sources” along twenty‐one personal attributes, as well as their agreement (or disagreement) with the attributed statements. Perceived source‐receiver distances varied across the three sources, as did the agreement measure of communication effectiveness. The moderately‐distant source achieved the highest agreement, lending support to Everett M. Rogers'notion that optimal heterophily produces communication effectiveness. The pattern and directions of the perceived dimensions of interpersonal differences gave further understanding of the relative communication effectiveness of

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1973.tb00952.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY