ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1971.tb00917.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEach and every actof communication between human beings can be considered as an adaptive process analogous to biological evolution. The act of communication, both verbal and non‐verbal, represents our best attempt to adapt to the specific situation. This communication adaptation made in responye to environmental events affects that same environment which in turn affects again the communicator. This paper is concerned with communication as both a process and an outcome. It is based on the assumption that, like evolution, Communication is never complete.Behavioral acts of communication such as words and gestures once emitted cannot be revoked. Typically, we note and respond to this static aspect of communication and ignore equally important process dimensions. A process approach to communication implies recognition that communication acts are at best approximations of the reality of experience which occurs in and between individuals.The major thesis of this gaper is that, just as in evolutionary biology, there is no foreseeable end‐point in communication. The propensity to treat communicative acts as ends, omitting the fact they are also processes, may be a major barrier to man's ability to communicate with his fell

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1971.tb00918.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA new model of cognitive processesin interpersonal communication is explicated, resulting in a redefinition of the concept of coorientational accuracy. Three experiments are reported in which the accuracy state is treated as an antecedent condition to various types of communication behaviors. The results of these experiments show differences in the communication behavior subsequent to the four accuracy states defined in the proposed model.

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1971.tb00919.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA new coding schemehas been developed based on the progress made from the works of a group of family communication therapists known as system purists. This research began with Gregory Bateson, and developed through Sluczki and Beavin's attempt to operationalize Bateson's variables.Taking their progress one step further, an interaction coding scheme was developed which codes a) speaker, b) speech, and c) that speech as a response to the preceding stimulus, or mctaspeech. A set of rules has been created to reduce the resultant 89 possible categories down to nine relational codes, whose relational frequencies are derived from pairs of category codes or dyadic exchanges.The results of an exploratory study of thirty dyads discussing three topics varying in salience indicate the usefulness of this scheme. Data from this study show consistency of relational communication across the three topics and significant differences in patterns of communication by socio‐economic class. Several patterns were also identifie

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1971.tb00920.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe major purposeof this study was to investigate 12 hypothesized differences between certain communication behaviors of autocratic and democratic group leaders. The hypotheses were derived from prior literature on characteristics that differentiate the two leadership styles. A second purpose was to develop an instrument to be used in identifying autocratic and democratic leaders.Twenty‐one autocratic and 21 democratic adult, 4‐H club leaders were identified by use of the paired comparison instrument developed in the study. These individuals led their club groups in 30 minute discussions of several prescribed questions. The discussions were taped, and the leaders' communication behaviors were content analyzed into the categories used to test the hypotheses.Seven of the 12 hypotheses were confirmed; two approached sisllficance (p<.10), and three were not confirmed. The patterns of task‐oriented communication were consistent with theoretic expectations.The findings are discussed and interpreted as reflecting varying commitments to particular dimensions of group process on the part of autocratic and democratic group leaders. Moreover, it was suggested that confirmation of the hypotheses underscores the potential utility of the paired comparison instrument developed to identify autocratic and democratic le

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1971.tb00921.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFeedbackhas usually been viewed as a receiver‐source loop or interaction. A process view of communication implies consideration of intra‐audience interaction. Such consideration resulted in the conceptualization of a receiver‐receiver loop that was designated observable audience response. A three treatment experiment was designed to test hypotheses that observable audience response would change attitudes toward a message topic and a speaker. Two treatments consisted of conditions in which coached confederates supplied either positive or negative feedback during the presentation of a message; in the third no effort was made to manipulate response. Although some individual hypotheses were not supported at the .05 criterion set, the overall results supplied evidence supporting the major predictions of the

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1971.tb00922.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis descriptiveand exploratory paper has as its objective the analysis of group interaction during a crisis and the generation of hypotheses about crisis interaction. Hypotheses are suggested in the areas of verbal and nonverbal interaction, leadership style and fluctuation, and the volume of task and process communication. These hypotheses and the questions raised by the study suggest directions for future crisis research.

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1971.tb00923.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis is a reportof an experimental investigation of the effects of preexposure training differences on decoding set, and the subsequent effect of set in a problem‐solving situation. I t was hypothesized that the set effects would influence intra‐personal communication behavior differently among males and females as well as among the treatment groups. The hypothesized interaction effect was confirmed for females, but significant differences were found among males in the direction opposite the predicted one. Discussion of the findings is centered on this unexpected facilitation effect found for males. Several explanations are offered and discus

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1971.tb00924.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Crime andInformationTheory. By M. A. P. Willmer.BodyLanguage. By Julius FastKinesics andContext: Essays onBodyMotionCommunication. By Ray L. Birdwhistell. Edited by Barton Jones.TheWorldEducationalCrisis: A SystemsAnalysis. By Philip H. Coombs.A Dictionary ofTerms andConcepts inReading, Second Edition. By Delwyn G. SchubertNationalCommunication andLanguagePolicy inIndia. By Baldev Raj Nayar.BasicReadings inInterpersonalCommunication. Edited by Kim Giffin and Bobby R. Patton

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1971.tb00925.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1971.tb00926.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY