摘要:

This article describes the interactions of parents and their infants with visual impairment, infants who are deaf or hearing impaired, and sighted and hearing infants during play situations. Findings indicate that parents developed certain types of exchange routines that match the developmental and sensory status of their infant. Adaptation of exchange-routines may represent an analogue of so-called “caregiver speech” at the pragmatic and contextual level. Included in this article are intervention suggestions for engaging these infants in early play interactions.

ISSN:0896-3746    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Value-based decisions affecting the lives of young children and their families are made on a daily basis in early intervention. This article explores the dimensions of ethical decision making in early intervention. Selected comments from parents and professionals involved in an ethnographic interview study regarding value conflicts in early intervention are reported. A communication and decision-making model for achieving mutual understanding, respect, and agreement between parents and professionals is proposed.

ISSN:0896-3746    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This article describes the differences in the perceptions of service providers and parents in relationship to the level of services families receive, the importance of these services, and the necessary service activities for an “ideal” early intervention program. Participants responded to a survey that included the Family-Focused Intervention Scale. Data are reported on 73 service providers and 193 parents. Results indicate substantial discrepancies between families and providers in their perceptions of what services families are receiving and what services are viewed as essential. In addition, it appears as if service providers and parents do not share a common vision of activities necessary for the “ideal” early intervention program.

ISSN:0896-3746    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

To advance the national early intervention agenda, priority must be assigned to the evaluation of services for families of infants and young children with developmental disabilities. This priority for evaluation rests on current considerations for accountability to families, accountability to funding sources, and the need for program documentation. Evaluation of ongoing interventions involving home- and center-based services for infants, toddlers, and their families, however, needs to focus on questions different from those for empirical research on early intervention efficacy. To this end, eight questions pertaining to the evaluation of clinical interventions can be viewed. Within the framework of an intervention cycle, referral, assessment, intervention planning, service implementation, and follow-up are discrete elements defining a sequence of encounters of children and families with service systems. This article illustrates the use of the intervention cycle as a framework for evaluation of clinical interventions and identifies representative measures and strategies appropriate for evaluation of each element of the cycle.

ISSN:0896-3746    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

It is well known that factors in the pregnant woman's environment can adversely affect the fetus. Organ and limb malformations, poor growth, and brain injury manifesting in developmental delay and learning disabilities are some of the problems that have been attributed to prenatal exposures to teratogenic agents. This article describes two intensively studied prenatal teratogen exposures in the pregnant woman— anticonvulsant medications and alcohol. In the fetus, both exposures can produce poor growth and miscarriages; in the newborn, poor growth, small head size, and major and minor malformations are seen. Infants and young children with histories of such intrauterine exposure may be mentally retarded and have significant social and behavioral problems. Many of the anatomic and behavioral problems observed in children who were exposed to alcohol and anticonvulsant medications have been replicated in prenatally exposed laboratory animals. Parents and professionals can benefit from awareness of disability related to fetal exposure; training in this area can both improve early identification of affected children and aid in prevention of exposure-related impairments. Parents and professionals should also be cognizant of these problems for their own reproductive health.

ISSN:0896-3746    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in infants can be a frustrating experience for caregivers. The cause of GER is often unknown. Traditional treatment approaches include positioning, formula changes, medications, and surgery, which often are unsuccessful or have undesirable side effects. This case study presents an effective, non-traditional treatment approach called CranioSacral Therapy.

ISSN:0896-3746    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

CranioSacral Therapy is a gentle and noninvasive, hands-on modality that research has proven effective to identify a number of disorders affecting children, such as dyslexia, hyperkinetic behavior, and motor-control problems. CranioSacral Therapy also is effective in alleviating many of these conditions when they are caused by restrictions to the craniosacral system, which operates as a semiclosed hydraulic system encompassing the brain and spinal cord. The author concludes that the few minutes necessary to conduct a craniosacral system evaluation in the delivery room, nursery, or shortly after birth is a worthwhile investment in the child's future health and well-being.

ISSN:0896-3746    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

New ideas about therapy for children with developmental disabilities are constantly appearing. Frequently, the enthusiasm for these innovations is greater than the care that is taken to evaluate whether they are actually as effective as they seem at the outset and whether they do more good than harm. The present communication addresses these issues as they arise from the case report about CranioSacral Therapy for gastroesophageal reflux in an infant. We argue that the clinical research methodologies exist by which this and other novel treatments can be studied. In particular, we believe that there is an important opportunity for clinicians and researchers across North America to pool our resources and energies in a collaborative effort to move the field forward.

ISSN:0896-3746    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0896-3746    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID