摘要:

&NA;It is widely accepted that an essential process in the normal development of infants is their growing capacity to relate to others. Empathy is a unique form of relating to others. It is present at birth and gradually develops during infancy, through childhood, and into adolescence. Infants exhibit various behavioral forms of empathic concern toward others in distress. Empathic responses grow both in frequency and complexity during the first two years of life. Theoretical perspectives on empathy development propose that empathy responses are largely dependent on the development of sense of self. Several empirical explorations have established a correlation between self and empathy development during the first years of life. Understanding the relationship between development of sense of self and that of empathy is crucial not only for broadening our currently somewhat limited knowledge base regarding typical development in these areas, but also for our understanding atypical development. Autistic children are observed to have a general deficit in development of empathic capacity as well as great difficulty in developing both physical and representational sense of self. Specific interventions to enhance development of both sense of self and empathic responses in infants and young children who show deficits in these areas are proposed. These interventions were formulated based on empirical studies of infants' development of self‐concept and empathic concern.

ISSN:0896-3746    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;The relationship between infants and parents is affected by the larger social system, including the correlates of poverty. Group intervention services have proven to be an effective means of informing and supporting parents of infants and young children. The Pride in Parenting Group Intervention Curriculum was developed as part of a multicomponent intervention with a population of indigent African American women and their infants. In exit interviews with 57 mothers, parent satisfaction was high for developmental and parenting information and for the support of the group and the intervention professionals.

ISSN:0896-3746    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;History, as well as research, has provided compelling evidence of the essential role of touch for child development and mental health. From the historical perspective, it is deprivation, rather than enrichment, that has provided the most formidable lessons about touch and child development. From the research perspective, information from human and nonhuman populations about the relationship between tactile stimulation, physical growth, and brain development has accumulated rapidly. Connections between touch and social‐emotional development also have been illustrated. The present article is an outline of historical, socio‐cultural, and research information that attest to the fundamental relationship between touch and child development. The implications of these factors for early intervention is presented.

ISSN:0896-3746    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Working with families in natural environments requires clinicians to consider new strategies that ensure the development of genuine partnerships with families. However, there are times when families present with challenges based on their own past experiences with well‐intentioned programs and what appears to be disinterest in the services offered by the early intervention system. Practical guidelines are offered to foster effective collaborations between early intervention clinicians and families.

ISSN:0896-3746    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Components important for achieving preverbal communicative competence in children who are developing typically are described to understand their significance as they relate to children with severe physical impairment (SPI). Specifically, eye gaze, attention, and gesture are described as they relate to reciprocity, consistency, and predictability of infant‐caregiver interactions. Because of a limited number of studies related to children with SPI, inferences are drawn from research with children who are developing typically. These inferences are used to suggest intervention strategies that could be used by practitioners and caregivers to facilitate optimal communication and cognitive growth for infants with SPI.

ISSN:0896-3746    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Modern health care has been influenced by a number of forces that have increased the level of accountability and performance. Efforts to establish evidenced‐based practice have led to development of guidelines and standards of practice. However, the current state of the art in many fields has not unveiled the levels of research and empirical findings, which establish the “gold standards” of care. This has led to increased demand and stress on the clinician with less mature guidelines available. Such a scenario can lead to a sense of “practice vacuum.” The present article offers the single‐subject design as the best alternative for a clinical infrastructure when confronted with questions of effectiveness and clinical decision making in the absence of sufficient development of standards of care. The article acquaints the reader with design models, strengths for clinical use and the benefits for establishing an ordered and systematic treatment approach.

ISSN:0896-3746    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Parents of infants and young children with disabilities or special health care needs are thrust, often without warning, into an unfamiliar and complex world that requires support for and information about a whole host of medical, educational, legal, financial, social, and emotional realities. Statewide early intervention efforts have a valuable ally in statewide parent‐to‐parent programs in meeting the needs of families of young children with special needs. This article reports on the descriptive results of a national survey of statewide parent‐to‐parent programs and suggests ways in which parent‐to‐parent programs and early intervention efforts can support and enhance their respective efforts on behalf of young children and families.

ISSN:0896-3746    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0896-3746    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID