摘要:

&NA;Children's theory of mind underlies their ability to explain and predict human behavior by taking into account a person's thoughts and feelings. It develops in the first 5 years of life, beginning with joint attention in infancy. The 3‐year‐old child understands that there is a difference between thoughts in the mind and things in the world and is aware of people's wants, feelings, and perceptions. The 5‐year‐old child understands false belief, and realizes that thoughts in the mind may not be true. Some recent work investigated individual differences in theory‐of‐mind development, showing antecedents of false‐belief understanding in general language skills, pretend play, and style of family interaction. There is less work on the consequences of typical theory of mind development, but a large body of work demonstrating the consequences of its absence, particularly in autism. The article discusses the implications of this new area of developmental research for clinical practice and describes a screening tool and a teaching manual.

ISSN:0896-3746    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Children with motor dysfunctions such as cerebral palsy require early developmental intervention. Disabilities associated with motor dysfunctions in children result from prenatal and perinatal brain damage often due to asphyxia. This article addresses neonatal asphyxia. First, it reviews the development of the central nervous system. Second, it summarizes the physiologic implications of asphyxia along with the most common neurologic sequelae and findings on brain imaging. Last, it discusses implications for developmental specialists such as physical and occupational therapists.

ISSN:0896-3746    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Young children with disabilities and their families have been ignored in research on the effects of welfare reform on children and families. This article provides a framework for thinking about how welfare reform affects this population and presents strategies for addressing their unique needs. It documents the relationship between disability and poverty, as well as the prevalence of disability among mothers and children who receive welfare. It reviews major changes in the law and highlights the challenges they present. For each challenge, one suggestion is given. A final section calls for specific actions to help this population.

ISSN:0896-3746    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;While the issue of decisions regarding life‐sustaining therapy for critically ill or impaired newborns and young infants remains controversial, there has been an evolution in law, ethics, and policy. This article reviews the history of the topic, the patient population that is the focus of the discussion, the critical issues in defining the questions at hand, the primary role of the family, and the role of the multidisciplinary team members who care for the infant in the neonatal intensive care unit and after discharge. It also reviews established guidelines and other suggested approaches to decision making.

ISSN:0896-3746    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;In the last several decades, the importance of early intervention has been recognized and institutionalized through federal and state laws and regulations. Challenges for policy makers, personnel preparation specialists, and administrators of service programs include the newness of this field, the complexity of the service delivery system, the range of families and children served, the multidisciplinary nature of the services provided, and the variability from state to state. Key implementation issues must be addressed if we are to realize optimal services for infants, toddlers, and their families. This article focuses on implementation concerns and recommendations related to addressing the needs of the wide range of children and families to be served and providing services in natural environments, as well as issues of personnel preparation and models of service delivery.

ISSN:0896-3746    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;This article advocates the use of functional behavioral assessments (FBAs) and behavioral intervention plans (BIPs) in the development of individualized family service plans for children with or at risk of developing behavioral disorders. The article reviews literature supporting early intervention and family collaboration. It describes the FBA and BIP processes and proposes a parent collaborative model for behavior assessment and plan implementation. The article also analyzes legal mandates and posits that collaboration with parents in the planning and implementation of FBAs and BIPs can yield positive outcomes for participating children, parents, and early intervention staff.

ISSN:0896-3746    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;The Healthy Steps program represents a new approach to primary health care for children from birth to age 3 and their parents. It expands services beyond those concerned solely with physical health and offers a more comprehensive model of care by adding the Healthy Steps specialist, who focuses on behavioral and developmental issues, to the health care team. This specialist addresses family concerns within the context of well child visits, home visits, developmental checkups, parent groups, and a telephone line. Healthy Steps links developmental information to parental behavior and understanding to increase parental self‐confidence in child‐rearing decisions.

ISSN:0896-3746    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0896-3746    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID