摘要:

The paper surveys Swedes’ contributions to forest economics during a period of hundred years starting in 1876, when Carl‐Gustaf Holmerz's book “Studies in Forest Surveying”; was first published. This contains the correct solution to the problem of when to cut down an evenly aged forest stand, but the so‐called Swedish “profitability war”; could not be avoided. Gustaf Cassel's, Gunnar Myrdal's, Bertil Ohlin's, Sven Petrini's, and Thorsten Streyffert's contributions are discussed, as well as an until recently unpublished contribution by Knut Wickseil. The paper also shows how slowly the methods of positive economics were introduced in forest economics in comparison with the normative OR‐methods, and that econometric techniques have also been sparsely applied. A few outstanding exceptions are pointed out, e.g., the Ruist‐Svennilson estimates of timber supply functions published in 1949.

ISSN:0282-7581    

DOI:10.1080/02827589009382638

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This article, that is based on an empirical study, deals with the extent and economic values of moose hunting and hunting for other game, with a geographical division into Southern Sweden (Götaland and Svealand) and Northern Sweden (Norrland). Furthermore, structural problems regarding the allocation of hunting among hunters are discussed. About two‐thirds of the total hunting value of all game in the country refers to recreation and one‐third refers to meat. Considerably more than one‐half of the total hunting value of all game is attributable to moose hunting. Nearly three‐quarters of the total hunting value is accounted for by Southern Sweden, the main reasons being that the majority of hunters as well as the major part of the total bag is based in the south. The total (gross) hunting value does largely exceed the money that the hunters actually pay for their hunting. For many hunters, especially in Northern Sweden, there are large discrepancies between the actual extent of their hunting and their real preferences, which makes the value of hunting lower than it could have been.

ISSN:0282-7581    

DOI:10.1080/02827589009382639

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

An appropriate moose management requires knowledge about how the economy of moose, in terms of values (benefits) and costs, responds to alterations in the moose population. This article, that is based on an empirical study, focuses on one segment of this problem field—the value of moose hunting. It deals with the question of how this value, including aspects of recreation as well as meat, is changing when the moose population density is altered. Furthermore, the article discusses the significance to the hunting value of the moose population's age structure. Generally the hunting value increases—but at a decreasing rate—as the moose population density is increased. There are, however, large geographical differences, so that a certain increase in the moose population density means a lot to the hunting value in one region but less in another. Many moose hunters would, in consideration of their own hunting pleasure, prefer an adult/calve ratio for the bag of moose that diverges considerably from what is stipulated by the authorities.

ISSN:0282-7581    

DOI:10.1080/02827589009382640

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Basic handling characteristics were measured for sawdust, fuel pellets, fuel chips, hog fuel and chunkwood. The aim was to find relations between the basic handling characteristics and easily measurable fuel properties to facilitate the design of feeding systems in heating plants. The angle of repose was 25–55° and increased with the increasing ratio of particle length to thickness and with the increasing content of hooked or long particles. The angle of static friction, 10–40°, was affected more by the kind of surface than the fuel and followed the ascending order: coated plywood, urethane rubber, particle board, stainless steel, concrete and rubber belt conveyor. The tendency to bridge varied considerably and increased with greater content of hooked or long particles, a deeper fuel bed depth over the opening and a higher moisture content. The results indicate that more attention should be paid to the particle shape.

ISSN:0282-7581    

DOI:10.1080/02827589009382641

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor