ISSN:0004-8461    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1673.1995.tb00307.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThis account documents some aspects of military radiology in the aftermath of the Rwandan Civil War of 1994. Following the genocidal conflict of April‐July 1994, all radiographic services ceased in Rwanda, a nation of some 7 500 000 people. As part of the United Nations Peacekeeping Force, UNAMIR II, the Australian Medical Support Force established and provided, on an ongoing basis, sophisticated medical, surgical and intensivist care for the sick and wounded United Nations personnel, of whom there were up to 7000 deployed in Rwanda; and, as part of its humanitarian outreach, emergency medical and surgical care for Rwandese civilians. The Australian contingent of 308 service personnel established the Australian Military Hospital (the ‘United Nations Hospital’) in the former Clinic Wing of the Kigali Central Hospital. From August 1994 the Radiology Department of the Australian Medical Support Force provided the first specialist X‐ray services as part of the re‐building of the stricken nation and, over the ensuing year, provided a diagnostic service for soldiers and civilians with both chronic and recent war wounds, trauma victims in the aftermath of the Civil War, sick and injured soldiers and Rwandese suffering from any of the full range of medical conditions encountered in tropic

ISSN:0004-8461    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1673.1995.tb00308.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThe role of colour and duplex Doppler ultrasound in investigating nodular thyroid disease was evaluated. Fifty patients with solitary or dominant nodules were studied. All nodules were examined with colour Doppler with spectral analysis performed on vascular lesions. Pathological correlation was available for all nodules. The majority of thyroid nodules could be accurately categorized by their colour Doppler appearances. This was true for both solitary and dominant nodules. All neoplastic nodules (adenomas, carcinomas) contained intra‐nodular flow signals. The majority of the colloid nodules were either avascular or had halo flow signals only. A minority of colloid nodules were vascular. These nodules were large (>2cm), had dominant halo vessels and cytological evidence of follicular cell hyperplasia. Although colour Doppler lacks absolute specificity in discriminating neoplastic and non‐neoplastic thyroid nodules, the data suggests the modality has considerable use in clinical practice. The spectral analysis data was time‐consuming to obtain and had less obvious clinical applic

ISSN:0004-8461    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1673.1995.tb00309.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThis preliminary study was designed to investigate the ability of multiple axial volume three‐dimensional fourier transform (3DFT) time‐of‐flight (TOF) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) to depict the carotid bifurcation in the early post‐carotid endarterectomy period. Five patients underwent intra‐operative digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and carotid MRA within 5 days of carotid endarterectomy.An axial volume fast imaging in steady‐state precession (FISP) gradient‐echo 3DFT TOF carotid MRA technique in this limited series appeared to display accurately the surgically significant abnormalities at the carotid bifurcation after endarterectomy. However, in normal or near‐normal intra‐operative DSA studies, overestimation of internal carotid artery stenoses was encountered. Postoperative MRA demonstrates potential as a useful non‐invasive investigation after carotid endarterectomy but should be interpreted with caution until larger studi

ISSN:0004-8461    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1673.1995.tb00310.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYAn ultrasound phantom is described which allows practice of ultrasound‐guidance of needle placement over variable depths and into targets of variable size. The phantom mimics a solid organ in its echogenicity and can be cheaply and easily made from resources of the domestic kitche

ISSN:0004-8461    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1673.1995.tb00311.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYWe report three cases of extensive post‐thrombotic change confirmed at ascending venography but which did not demonstrate the currently accepted duplex ultrasound criteria for post‐thrombotic change. We also document a new ultrasound finding which we describe as a chaotic phasic pattern of deep venous flow which was the only duplex evidence of post‐thrombotic change in two of the cases. We suggest that its routine inclusion in duplex ultrasound assessment of the deep veins should be consi

ISSN:0004-8461    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1673.1995.tb00312.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0004-8461    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1673.1995.tb00313.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYAn increasing number of cancer treatment centres are usingin vivodosimetry as a quality assurance tool for verifying dosimetry as either the entrance or exit surface of the patient undergoing external beam radiotherapy. Equipment is usually limited to either thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD) or semiconductor detectors such as p‐type diodes. The semiconductor detector is more popular than the TLD due to the major advantage of real time analysis of the actual dose delivered. If a discrepancy is observed between the calculated and the measured entrance dose, it is possible to eliminate several likely sources of errors by immediately verifying all treatment parameters. Five Scanditronix EDP‐10 p‐type diodes were investigated to determine their calibration and relevant correction factors for entrance dose measurements using a Victoreen White Water‐RW3 tissue equivalent phantom and a 6MV photon beam from a Varian Clinac 2100C linear accelerator. Correction factors were determined for individual diodes for the following parameters: source to surface distance (SSD), collimator size, wedge, plate (tray) and temperature. The directional dependence of diode response was also investigated. The SSD correction factor (CSSD) was found to increase by approximately 3% over the range of SSD from 80 to 130cm. The correction factor for collimator size (Cfield) also varied by approximately 3% between 5 × 5 and 40 × 40 cm2. The wedge correction factor (Cwedge) and plate correction factor (Cplate) were found to be a function of collimator size. Over the range of measurement, these factors varied by a maximum of 1 and 1.5%, respectively. The Cplatevariation between the solid and the drilled plates under the same irradiation conditions was a maximum of 2.4%. The diode sensitivity demonstrated an increase with temperature. A maximum of 2.5% variation for the directional dependence of diode response was observed for angle of ± 60°. In conclusion,in vivodosimetry is an important and reliable method for checking the dose delivered to the patient. Preclinical calibration and determination of the relevant correction factors for each diode are essential in order to achieve a high accuracy of dose delivered to

ISSN:0004-8461    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1673.1995.tb00314.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYPatients with recurrent or locally advanced oesophageal carcinoma have a poor prognosis. Relief of dysphagia is often the goal of any further treatment. Several methods, including laser re‐canalization, prosthetic intubation, dilatation, external beam irradiation (EBI) and intraluminal brachytherapy (IBT) can be used to alleviate dysphagia.In this retrospective review of 11 patients, eight with recurrent tumour and three newly diagnosed patients were treated with low dose rate IBT. Relief of dysphagia was achieved in nine patients, all of whom were able to maintain swallowing of at least a semi‐solid diet until death or last follow‐up. Toxicity was minimal, but survival was poor, with a median survival of only 3 months.IBT presents several advantages over other palliative methods, especially in recurrent tumours where re‐treatment with EBI is often difficult because of normal tissue tolerance. Low dose rate IBT takes only 1–2 days to deliver, is highly effective, has little morbidity and the palliation achieved is relativel

ISSN:0004-8461    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1673.1995.tb00315.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYBetween 1984 and 1993, 40 high risk patients (45 hips) received postoperative irradiation as prophylaxis against heterotopic ossification (HO). Radiotherapy was commenced within 5 days of the surgery in 43 of 45 hips. The development of HO was assessed by comparison of radiographic films prior to irradiation and at least 2 months after treatment (median interval 12 months). Progression of HO was observed in only two of 45 hips (4.3%) and of clinical significance in one (2.2%). Treatment was well tolerated with no acute complications or loosening of prosthetic components attributable to irradiation.During the study period, the treatment programme changed from 20 Gy in 10 fractions to 6–8 Gy in a single fraction, without loss of treatment efficacy. As well as improving resource utilization, single fraction techniques allow fewer patient transfers thereby reducing patient discomfort and risk of hip dislocation. This procedure is uncomplicated and should be considered more widely in the management of this disabling non‐malignant condit

ISSN:0004-8461    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1673.1995.tb00316.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY